Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin, 2004

1
???? ??? ? ????????????????
??????????? ? ????? ???????? ??
http//dims.karelia.ru/alexmou/
?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? http//www.c
itforum.ru/ http//www.osp.ru/

• ?????? ?. ? ?. ??????? ?????????? ?????????
  ?????.
• ?????? ?. ? ?. ???????? ? IP-????.
• ??????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. (1994 ?.).
  ????????? ?????????? TCP/IP.
• ?.?????. ?????????? ????? ? ??????? TCP/IP.
• ???? "CISCO Internetworking Technology Overview".
  
• ???? ????. ??? ???????????? ??????. - ? BHV,
  1996.
• ?.????????. ?????? ?????????? ???.
• ?????? ?.?. ???????? ? ??????? ?????????-?????????
  ? ?????.
• ?????????? ?. ???????????? ????????? ??????
  ????????? 5? ? 6.
• ??????? ? ?????? Ethernet (?????????? Ethernet).
• ???????????? ?., ???????? ?., ?????? ?. ?????
  ????? INTERNET.

Rev. 1.02 / 07.02.2007
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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?????????, ?? ????
????????? -- ??????? ??? ??????????????.
?????????? ?????????? ?????????????
?????????. ???????? ??????? ????????????????????
(??????????????), ??????????, ?????????????,
?????????????. ????????? ???????????,
??????????? ????????? (???? ? ??), ????????,
???????????, ??????????. ??????????????, General
Public License.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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???????????? ??????????

• American National Standards Institute
• ???????????? ????, ????????, ?????????? ?????
• ??????????????? ????? ????????????????, SCSI,
  ???????? ansi.sys
• ???. ????????? ? ???????????? ????????? Token
  Ring, CSMA/CD, SQL, ????????? ??????????.
• Common Open Software Environment
• ?????????? ????? ??????? Unix-?????. ? ??????????
  ?????? IBM, HP, SunSoft, Novell.
• Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraphie
  et Telephonie (ITU - International
  Telecommunications Union)
• ????????? CCITT (????? - ???.) ????????? ?
  ???????, ?????, ???????? ???????????? ?????????.
• 15 ????????????????? ????? A ? B ? ???.
  ?????????, ??????? ? ???????????, I ? ISDN, K ? L
  ? ?????? ????????????, R-U ? ???????????? ?
  ??????????? ??????, V ? ???????? ?????? ??
  ?????????? ?????, X ? ???? ???????? ??????.

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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???????????? ??????????

• CCITT (???????????)
• v.22 ? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? 1200
  ???/?,
• v.22bis ? 2400 ???/?
• v.28 ? ???????? ?????????? RS-232
• v.32 ? ??????. ? ?????????? ???????? 4800-9600
  ???/?,
• v.32bis ? ?? 14400
• v.35 ? ???????????????? ???????? ??
  ??????????????? ?????.
• v.42 ? ???????? ??????
• v.42bis ? ?????? ??????
• v.terbo ? 19200 ???/?
• v.34 ? 28800 ???/?, v.34 ? ?? 33600 ???/?
• x2, k56flex ?gt v.90, v.92 ? ?? 56????/?
  (?????????????)
• X.200 (ISO 7498) ? ????????? ?????? OSI
• X.25 (ISO 7776) ? ???? ? ??????????? ???????
• X.400 (ISO 10021) ? ????? ???????????
  (??????????? ?????, ?? ????????)
• X.500 (ISO 9594) ? ?????? ?????????
• X.700 (ISO 9595) ? Common Management Information
  Protocol

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
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NETS and OSs
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???????????? ??????????

• Electronic Industries Association
• 1924???. RS-232 - ???????? ?????????????????
  ?????????? ? ??????? ???????? DB-9 ? DB-25 ? ????
  ?????? ?????? 15 ??????. ???????????? ??????????
  ????? DTE (???????????? ????????????) ? DCE (data
  communication equipment).
• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
• ????????, 802 (??????? 1980) (?? 802.17)
• 802.1 ? ?????????????? ?????
• 802.2 ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
• 802.3 ? CSMA/CD-???? (Ethernet)
• 802.4 ? ???? Token Bus
• 802.5 ? ???? Token Ring
• 802.6 ? Metropolitan Area Network
• 802.7 ? ?????????????? ????????
• 802.8 ? ?????????????? ??????????
• 802.9 ? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ????/??????
• 802.10 ? ???????????? ????
• 802.11 ? ???????????? ????
• 802.12 ? ???? ? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????
  (100VG-AnyLAN)

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
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???????????? ??????????

• International Standards Organization
• ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????
  (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model,
  OSI/RM )
• Open Software Foundation
• ??????? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ??????????
  ????. ??????????????. Unix-???????? ?? - OSF/1,
  OSF/Motif - ????. ?????????.
• SQL Access Group
• ????????? ? ISO ????????????? ?????????,
  ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?
  ?????????? ?????? (? ??????????? ??????-??????)

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
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?????? OSI/RM
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer
2 Layer 1
APPLICATION
??????????
PRESENTATION
??????????.
SESSION
?????????
TRANSPORT
????????????
NETWORK
???????
DATA LINK
?????????
PHYSICAL
??????????
OSI/RM
1984 ?. ? OSI/RM ? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?
???????? ??????????. ???? ?????????????? ?
???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????
??????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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?????? ? ?????? OSI/RM
?????????? ????? ?????? ? ????, ????? ??????, Ex telnet.
????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? (??????????), ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???????????? ????????, ??????????, ????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ??????.
????????? ????????????, ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ????????????? ???? ? ??????, ??????????? checkpoints, ???? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????.
???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????, ? ??? ?? ??????????????????, ??? ?????? ? ????????????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ????????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
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?????? ? ?????? OSI/RM
??????? ????????? ? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ???????, ?????????????, ??????????. ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????.
????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????? ???????? (??????. ? ??????. ? ????????), ?????? ????. ???????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????, ??????????? ???? (?????? ? ??????? ??????), ?????? ? CRC ????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????.
?????????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????????????, ??????????, ???????????? (???????) ? ?????????????? (?????? ???????? ??????) ?????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????. ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ? ??.- ? ????- ???????.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
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OSI ? ??????????? ???????????
??????????
????????????
??????????.
???????????? ???????
?????????
????????????
???????
????????
?????????
??????????
??????????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
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OSI ? IEEE Project 802
? ???????????? ? ??????????? OSI/RM ?????????
??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? LLC - Logical
Link Control (?????????? ?????????? ??????????
??????) MAC - Medium Access Control (????????
??????? ? ????? ????????) ???????? ? ???????
?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????
(MAC-??????????) ? ?????????? ???????. Project
802 ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????
???????. LLC ? 802.2, MAC ? 802.3 (CSMA/CD), ?
802.4 (?????? ???? ? ????????? ???????), ? 802.5
(?????? ? ????????? ???????), ? 802.12 (??
?????????? ???????).
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
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????????? ??????? (??????)
???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????
??????? ?????????? - ????? ????
(???), ???????????? - ??????? ??????, ??????? -
?????, ????????? - ????. ????? ??????? ? ????
??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????. ?? ??????
?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???. ?????????????
??? ???????? ??????????. ?? ??????????? ???????
?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???
?????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????
???????????? ???????????? ??????? (?gt ????? ?gt
????? ?gt ????? ?gt), ?? ???????? ? ???? ?
????????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ??????
????? ?????????, ????? ????? ??????????,
???????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ??????????
????????, ?????????? ?? ????? ??????????????????
?????? ?? ??????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????
????????.
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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????????? ??????? (??????)
??????? ????????? (?????? ? ????? ?????
???????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ? ??????????,
????, ?????????????? ????????), ?????? (?? 512
???? ?? 4??), ??????? (CRC ????, ????? ?????????
????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?
???????????? ? ????????).
????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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???????? ?????? ?? ????
???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??
???? ???????, ??? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????.
??????????
??????????
??????????.
??????????.
?????????
?????????
????????????
????????????
???????
???????
?????????
?????????
??????????
??????????
????? ????????
??????????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ????????
??? ????????? ????? (?????????? ?????????????? ??
?????? ???????).
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs
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?????????

• ????????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????????, ????????????
  ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????.
• ?? ?????. ???? ???????????? ? ??????????.
• ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? OSI RM. ????,
  ????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ???. ??????,
  ??????, ?? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????.
• ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????
  (????).
• ???????????????? ? ?????????????????? ?????????.

Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
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????? ??????????
??????? OSI/RM Apple Computer DECnet Microsoft Networking Novell Netware TCP/IP Internet Xerox XNS
????????. ?????????? ?????????, ????. ???????? ??????, ???-??????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????. ???????? ??????, ???-??????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????. ???????? ??????, ???-??????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????. ???????? ??????, ???-??????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????. ???????? ??????, ???-??????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????. ???????? ??????, ???-??????, ??????? ???????
?????????. AppleTalk Filling Protocol Network Application Server Message Block Netware Core Protocols Telnet, SMTP, FTP, HTTP Control and Process Interaction
????????? AppleTalk Session Protocol Session NetBIOS NetBIOS Telnet, SMTP, FTP, HTTP Control and Process Interaction
????????? AppleTalk Session Protocol Session NetBIOS NetBIOS TCP UDP Control and Process Interaction
?????????. AppleTalk Transaction Protocol End Communi-cations NetBEUI Sequenced Packet Exchange TCP UDP Sequenced Packet Protocol
??????? Datagram Delivery Protocol Routing Internet Packet Exchange Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Datagram Protocol
????????? ??????? ??????????? Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, LocalTalk, ??. ??????? ??????????? Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, LocalTalk, ??. ??????? ??????????? Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, LocalTalk, ??. ??????? ??????????? Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, LocalTalk, ??. ??????? ??????????? Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, LocalTalk, ??. ??????? ??????????? Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, LocalTalk, ??.
????????. ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ???????????, ??????????
??????
????????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
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????? ??????????
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / internet
Protocol) ? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????,
?????????? ?????????? ????????, ????.
????????????? ??? ???? ????????? SMTP, FTP, SNMP.
?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????????.
???????? ? ????????? IP ??????? NetBEUI (Network
Basic Extended User Interface) ? ?????? ? NetBIOS
(IBM ????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???), ? ???
NetBEIU ? ??????. ???????? ??????????. ?????????,
???????, ???????????. ?? ????????????
?????????????. X.25 ? ???? ? ??????????? ???????,
?????? ???????????? OSI/RM. XNS ? Xerox Network
System. ??????? ? ?????????, ?????
????????????????? ???????. IPX/SPX ? NWLink
(?????????? ?? Microsoft) ? ????????? XNS,
????????? ? ?????????? ???????. DECnet ?
??????????? ???? ???????????????? ??????????, ??
??? ???????????? ????? ?-???, ?.?. ?? ???????? ??
VAX (Virtual Address Extension) ?????? ?
???????????? ???????? VMS. ????? ?????????? OSI
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
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?????????????? ? ????. ?????
??????????
??????????.
?????????
????????????
???????
?????????
??????????
A
B
?????????? ???????? ??????
Petrozavodsk State University, Alex Moschevikin,
2004
NETS and OSs