Climate

1
Climate Atmospheric Changes
2
Ozone Depletion

• Ozone- molecule consisting of 3 oxygen atoms
• Benefit to humans because it
  absorbs harmful UV radiation
• Ozone layer is being depleted because of the
  addition of chemicals (esp. CFCs) that break
  apart the ozone molecule
• Ozone Video

3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
How ozone is destroyed by CFCs

6
Ozone over Antarctica

• Antarctic Ozone Hole (16 min)
• Ozzy Ozone (10 min)
• Answer the following questions as they
• are answered in the video

7
(No Transcript)
8
CLIMATE CHANGE

• Long-term change in the earth's climate,
  especially a change due to an increase in the
  average atmospheric temperature.

9
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
10
Causes of Climate Change Description of what it is Explanation of how it impacts climate (What SCIENTISTS say)
Volcanic eruptions Eruptions release greenhouse gases (CO2, H2O, and sulfur dioxide) into the air But, ash can also BLOCK the light WARMS more Greenhouse Gases COOLS reflects light away
Sunspots More emitted radiation and increased temperatures are found around sunspots More sunspots will increase the amount of heat that stays within the atmosphere.
Earths orbit There is variation in Earths tilt which affects the amount of solar radiation received. Depending on the season, more or less energy is received from the sun.
Carbon Dioxide fluctuations As heat is emitted back out into space, carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbs some of the heat. Heat is retained in the atmosphere (not radiated back into space) causing the global temperature to rise.
11
THEY ARE DIFFERENT!!!
12
Effects of Climate Change
Link The Nature Conservancy

• 1. HIGHER
• TEMPERATURES
  
• 
  

The five hottest years on record have all
occurred since 1997.
2. CHANGING LANDSCAPES


Changing patterns of rain and snow are forcing
trees and plants around the world to move toward
polar regions and up mountain slopes
13
ALASKA - Portage Glacier
1914
2004
Photos NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch
WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org
14
ARIZONA- Colorado River
June 2002
Dec 2003
15
Effects of Climate Change
3. WILDLIFE AT RISK
Rising temperatures are changing weather and
vegetative patterns across the globe, forcing
animal species to migrate to new, cooler areas in
order to survive.
Experts predict that 1/4 of Earths species will
be headed for extinction by 2050
4. RISING SEAS
Sea level rise from climate change could displace
tens of millions of people. Sea levels could
continue to rise between 4 inches and 36 inches
over the next 100 years.
16
Effects of Climate Change
5. Increased risk of drought, fire floods
Massive land erosion is one result of
overgrazing drought in Kenya
6. Stronger storms hurricanes
Hurricanes and tropical storms to become more
intense lasting longer, unleashing stronger
winds, and causing more damage to coastal
ecosystems
17
Effects of Climate Change
7. MORE HEAT RELATED ILLNESS DISEASE



As temperatures rise, so do the risks of
heat-related illness and even death for the most
vulnerable human populations. Increase the
spread of infectious diseases.
8. ECONOMIC LOSSES

Climate change could cost between 5 and 20
percent of the annual global gross domestic
product. Declining crop yields could put hundreds
of thousands of people at risk for starvation.
18
Effects of Climate Change
9. OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

As temperatures rise, more CO2 is absorbed by
the ocean causing acidic water.
10. EL NINO LA NINA

Weather patterns in the Pacific Ocean change
causing an increased frequency of bad weather
events to occur around the world.
19
Normal Ocean Water

• Strong Trade winds towards the western pacific
• Warm water off Australia
• Cool waters off the coast of South America.
• UPWELLING

20
El Nino

• Weaker trade winds in the pacific ocean
• Warm water off Australia moves towards South
  America
• Cool waters off the coast of South America begin
  to warm.
• More evaporation off of S.A. leading to more
  precipitation ? floods
• Reduced upwelling

21
El Nino

• During El Nino, upwelling stops, so fishing
  industry
• and economy are impacted

22
La Nina

• STRONG trade winds in the pacific ocean force
  warm water back to Australia
• COLD waters off the coast of South America
  return.
• STRONG upwelling

23
NORMAL YEAR
24
Does El Nino or La Nina cause more hurricanes to
hit the US Coastline (dark line)?
LA NINA EVENT
25
(No Transcript)
26
Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2
27
(No Transcript)
28
1000 Years of CO2 Global Warming
Degree Celsius Increase
Parts Per Million
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000


Year
Year
29
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon


Goal Reductions in CO2 Per Year
2007
30
Our Goal
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon

Produce electricity efficiently Use electricity
efficiently Vehicle efficiency Solar and Wind
Power Biofuels Carbon capture and storage

Gigaton Carbon
Reductions in CO2 Per Year
2007
31

• WHAT CAN YOU DO TO HELP SLOW DOWN GLOBAL CLIMATE
  CHANGE?