Climate and Climate Change

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Chapter 9

• Climate and Climate Change

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Section 1 What causes climate?

• Climate is the long-term, average conditions of
  temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in
  an area.

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2 Factors of Climate

• 1. Temperature is influenced by latitude,
  altitude, and the ocean.

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2 Factors of Climate

• 2. Precipitation is influenced by winds and
  mountains.

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Winds and Clouds

• The windward side of a mountain is rainy and
  snowy.
• The leeward side of a mountain is dry.
• A monsoon is a seasonal period of heavy rain

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The Seasons

• The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earths
  axis as Earth travels around the sun.

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Vocabulary Illustration

• In your notebooks, for each word listed
• Write the word
• Write the definition
• Draw and color a small picture

Climate Microclimate Tropical Zone Polar Zone Temperate Zone
Marine Climate Continental Climate Ocean Current Windward Leeward
Monsoon El Nino La Nina Salinity Upwelling
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Section 2 Currents and Climate

• Surface currents, which affect water to a depth
  of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by
  winds.
• A surface current warms or cools the air above
  it, influencing the climate of the land near the
  coast

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El Nino

• El Nino is a climate event that occurs every 2 to
  7 years in the Pacific Ocean, during which winds
  shift and push warm water toward South America.

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La Nina

• La Nina is a climate event in the eastern Pacific
  Ocean in which surface waters are colder than
  normal.

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Deep currents

• Deep currents move and mix water around the
  world.
• Salinity is the total amount of dissolved salts
  in a water sample.
• Upwelling is the movement of cold water upward
  from the deep ocean.

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Planet Earth Video

• Planet Earth Video Shallow Seas

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Section 3 Climate Regions

• Scientists classify climate according to two
  major factors temperature and precipitation.
• Each special area of climate is called a biome.

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8 Land Biomes

• 1. Rain forests have large amounts of rainfall
  and a great diversity of species.

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8 Land Biomes

• 2. Savannas are grasslands with few trees and a
  distinct rainy season.

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8 Land Biomes

• 3. Deserts are the driest biomes, with little
  rainfall.

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8 Land Biomes

• 4. San Diego is in the chaparral biome. It has
  warm, dry summers, and cool, rainy winters.

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8 Land Biomes

• 5. Grasslands have few trees and long cold
  winters.

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8 Land Biomes

• 6. Trees lose their leaves in a deciduous forest,
  which has all 4 seasons.

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8 Land Biomes

• 7. The coniferous forest or taiga has mountains
  and evergreen trees, and is the biggest biome.

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8 Land Biomes

• 8. The tundra is treeless, and the ground is
  always frozen (permafrost).

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Biome Map

• Color, answer the questions, and turn in the
  Biome Map.
• If you do not finish, it is homework.
• If you finish early, please do questions 1 and 2
  on page 371 (PQA).

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Section 4 Climate Change

• The climate is gradually warming, and this is due
  to human activity.
• This is called global warming or climate change.

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Global Warming

• Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat are called
  greenhouse gases.

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Global Warming

• People have been producing more carbon dioxide
  since the late 1800s by burning wood, coal, oil,
  and gas. This warms the Earth.

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Effects of Global Warming

• Because of global warming
• Droughts and floods occur
• Ocean levels rise
• Oceans become more acidic, fish die
• Storms become more frequent
• Winters are colder, summers are hotter
• Animals and plant go extinct
• Soil becomes less fertile
• Less drinking water is available

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Ozone Depletion

• The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful
  UV rays.
• Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs cause holes in the
  ozone, which can cause eye damage and skin cancer.

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Cool Climate Graphs Page 372

• 1. Working in groups of 3, complete the procedure
  steps 1-6 on page 372.
• 2. In your notebooks, complete questions 1-6 on
  page 373. PQA.

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Review and Vocabulary

• 1. Complete the Review Sheet.
• 2. In your notebooks, for each word listed
• Write the word
• Write the definition
• Draw and color a small picture

Rain Forest Savanna Desert Steppe Chaparral
Humid Subtropical Subarctic Tundra Permafrost Ice Age
Global Warming Greenhouse Gas Ozone Hole Chlorofluorocarbon