LEACH module

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LEACH module

• ???

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Outline

• Introduction
• LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)
• Installation
• LEACH module

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WSN (wireless sensor network)

• Sensor node???
• Sensing
• Process
• communication
• Sensor node???
• ??(hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes), ???,
  ???
• ????
• ????
• ???????sensor??????
• power conservation is a critical design issue for
  routing protocol.

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??????
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Problem of energy consumption
Sensor node
Base station
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Problem of energy consumption (cont.)
Sensor node
Base station
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LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)

• Employs randomized rotation of the cluster-heads
  to evenly distribute the energy load among the
  sensor nodes in the network

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LEACH???
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LEACH (cont.)

• The operation is divided into rounds.
• Each of these rounds consists of 2 phases a
  set-up phase and a steady-state phase.
• During the set-up phase cluster-heads are
  determined and the clusters are organized.
• During the steady-state phase data trans-ference
  to the base station occurs.

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LEACH (cont.)

• Cluster-head election process (the same as
  LEACH)
• A sensor determines whether to become a
  cluster
• head by generating a random number
• and compare this value with a threshold
• A node becomes a cluster head if the random
  number
• is less than a threshold

P,the desired percentage to become a
cluster-head
the set of nodes that have not being selected as
a cluster-head in the last 1/P rounds.
r,the current round
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LEACH (cont.)

• ??cluster?,cluster-head???TDMA schedule?????cluste
  r?non-cluster?????(time slot),?????non-cluster????
  
• ??cluster-head???non-cluster????,??????BS
• ???cluster-head??adv.????sensor nodes ?sensor
  nodes ????cluster???CSMA??,??non-cluster?????clust
  er??cluster?????,???????BS,????CDMA????????

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LEACH?flow chart
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Installation

• http//www.internetworkflow.com/downloads/ns2leach
  /

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LEACH module
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Mobile node
cmu-trace.cc
mac-sensor-timer.cc mac-sensor.cc
wireless-phy.cc
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Resource-Adaptive node
rcagent.cc
resource.cc
ns-ranode.tcl
rca-all.cc
energy.cc
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LEACH????
Leach???
Wireless.tcl
??
Leach.tcl
ns-leach.tcl
????
uamps.tcl
??base station???
ns-ranode.tcl
ns-bsapp.tcl
ns-resource-manager.tcl
extras.tcl
ns-energy-resource.tcl
stats.tcl
ns-neighbor-resource.tcl
??????
Resource Adaptive Node
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Reference

• http//nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw/NetworkSeminar/slides/E
  DACH.ppt
• http//www.internetworkflow.com/resources/ns2leach
  .pdf
• http//www.internetworkflow.com/downloads/ns2leach
  /

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Final project
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ACT Adaptive Colored Threshold
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ACT scheme

• ???temporal suppression?spatial
  suppression??????,???????energy
  efficient,??energy???????BS??????????,?????a??????
  ???

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Temporal ?Spatial ??(sensor node?)
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a???

• ?????????,??,???????,???a??????
• SV?sensor node????????
• dj?cluster-head??????
• di?sensor node??????

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???
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Temporal ? Spatial (BS?) (1)

• ?sensor node????suppression???,???????????BS,??,BS
  ???????????,???????????,??,?BS???sensor
  node????,?????????????sensor node????

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Temporal ? Spatial (BS?) (2)

• SV?temporal????,?????sensor node????BS????????
• ?spatial????,???????
  ????m???b?,??????????????????

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Simulation

• ??
• NS2
• field of 100 100
• base station (50 , 170)
• initial battery capacity of 2 Joules

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metrics
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Result (heat source module)
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Result (heat oscillation module)
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Result (wave front module)
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Conclusion

• proposed the Adaptive Color Threshold (ACT)
  scheme to provide priority treatments to enhance
  the efficiency of redundancy suppression
• ??a?temporal?spatial??????sensor node??????????

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Thank you
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Introduction TEEN

• TEEN Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient
  sensor Network protocol
• Good for time-critical applications
• This sensor network model likes LEACH uses a
  hierarchical clustering scheme
• Cluster headers broadcast
• Hard Threshold
• This is a threshold value for the sensed
  attribute
• Soft Threshold
• This is a small change in the value of the sensed
  attribute which triggers the node to switch on
  its transmitter and transmit

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hierarchical clustering scheme
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TEEN??????
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LEACH and TEEN

• LEACH
• Abstract Reelect Cluster head (CH) each round
• Advantage Load balance
• Disadvantage Data Redundancy
• TEEN
• Abstract Hard and soft threshold
• Advantage Reduce similar data to transmit at
  each node
• Disadvantage
• Thresholds are fixed
• ????node??
• ?????????,???????