Title: Environmental Management System Awareness Module
1Environmental Management SystemAwareness Module
2About this Module
3Content Map
4Background on Environmental Issues and Response -
Global, Regional and Local Issues
5Development and Environment
- Economic and Social Development requires
provision of Energy, Water, Food and
Infrastructure for all to attain minimal living
standards on equitable basis and enjoy security - Environment provides resources on a continual
basis for such development and acts as a sink to
wastes/rejects through complex and resilient
ecosystems
6Resource Depletion
- Resources are limited especially the
non-renewables like fossil fuels - If resource depletion rates exceed rates of
replenishment, then resources are no longer
available, e.g. falling ground water tables due
to reckless pumping
7Resource Degradation
- Waste assimilative capacities of eco-systems are
limited. - Eco-systems can be in threat if waste releases
are harmful. - This can result into migration and/or extinction
of species, affect human health and lead to
associated socio-economic impacts
8Wasteful Use of Resources
- Phosphoric acid generates 500 waste gypsum
- One tonne of rock to produce one ounce of gold
- Energy resources - oil extraction is 35
efficient, electricity production also 35, - Irrigation uses 80 of abstracted freshwater in
the world, but loses 65 of it before it reaches
the farm.
9POOR FLOW OF RESOURCES INTO PRODUCTS
- Only 7 of resources end up in the product
- 80 of products are used only once
- Many products consume more resources during the
use phase than during manufacture - Most product themselves become waste eventually
10Spatial Manifestation of Impacts
- Local Pollution, lowering of ground water
tables, Loss of biodiversity, Human health
impacts - Regional/Sub-National Loss of forest cover,
Desertification, Climate change, Acidification of
waters - Regional/Trans-national Pollution of
international waters, Loss of biodiversity,
Climate change - Global Climate change, Loss of Biodiversity,
Ozone depletion
11Pressures on Organizations
12Changes in Environmental Management Efforts
13Not a Trade-off anymore
?
14Environmental Management
- A process of taking care or protecting the
environment by managing various business
activities such that the negative effect on the
environment are minimized, and the positive
influences are enhanced.
15Garbage Management
16From garbage to gold?!
Save the environment, clean up the city and help
someone earn a livelihood!
Module 1 of 1
17Tell me more
- Garbage from ordinary households like yours and
mine is made up of 2 components dry waste and
wet waste. - Dry waste constitutes paper, newspaper,
packaging, plastic, glass, bottles and metal. - Wet waste constitutes left over food, vegetable
and fruit feels and the like. - Instead of simply throwing away waste matter as
garbage, it could be put to good use too good
to be true sometimes! - Dry waste can be sold to the neighbourhood raddi
wallah, while wet waste can be composted to give
you fertilizer of excellent quality. - All you need to do is collect and store the wet
and dry waste generated from your home separately
18Why is this issue important?
- Post-consumer paper waste - paper bags,
newspapers, magazines and catalogs, even office
paper - can form at least one-third of the total
waste going to the landfill. - Reducing the amount of waste going into landfills
slows down the pace that landfill sites are being
filled - In a city where land prices are at a premium
(e.g. metros like Mumbai, Bangalore, etc.),
saving landfill space makes a lot of sense for
not just the municipal authorities (who are in
charge of getting rid of your waste) but also
for you, as a socially- and environmentally-consci
ous citizen. - Recycling organic waste from your house into
compost allows you to return badly needed organic
matter to the soil and hence complete natures
cycle.
19What are the benefits?
- For every tonne of paper not sent to the
landfill, YOU can help save - At least 30,000 litres of water
- 3,000 4,000 KWh electricity (enough for an
average 3 bedroom house for one year) - Air pollution, by allowing trees to filter up to
30 kg of pollutants from the air!!! - Recycling seven steel cans saves enough energy to
power a 60-watt light bulb for 26 hours. - One solitary recycled aluminium can saves enough
energy to run a television for three hours - The plastics recycling industry in India is
estimated to be worth Rs. 5,000 crores. About 2
million tonnes per annum of plastic waste are
generated in India alone.
20What has been done so far?
- Most developed countries around the world (like
Europe, US, Japan) have instituted official waste
recycling programmes. - Some countries, mainly developing ones, like
India, have an informal network of recycling
paper through the neighbourhood raddi wallah. - India also introduced the Municipal Solid Waste
Rules in 2000, which mandate segregation of wet
and dry waste among other requirements. - There have been more unusual success stories too
- Using recycled plastic, rag pickers of an Indian
slum are making highly desirable handbags for the
boutiques of London and New York. - Recycled materials have also been used to make
high-end jewellery by some designers.
21How well has this worked?
- Official waste recycling programmes do work.
However, the levels of their success depend to a
large extent on awareness among the common man. - However, the reality is quite something else in
India. Excepting the lone municipality of
Suryapet in Andhra Pradesh, none of the other
towns and cities in India have been complying
with the Municipal Solid Waste Rules of 2000.
22How can YOU do your bit?
- Collect information about and analyze your
garbage generation trends at home. - Start looking for ways to cut down on garbage
being disposed and instead, aim to recycle and
compost as much waste as you possibly can. - Approach a Local Area Environment Committee
(LACC) in your area, if one exists, to include
your society as part of their waste recycling
drive - If a LACC does not exist in your neighbourhood,
set realistic time-based recycling / composting
targets for your home. - Form a group of concerned citizens in your area
and write to your Municipal Councillor
highlighting your concerns on waste segregation.
Help yourself become a part of the solution!
23Suggested further reading
- Beyond Recycling A Re-user's Guide 336
Practical Tips to Save Money and Protect the
Environment, reviewed at http//www.amazon.com/Bey
ond-Recycling-Re-users-Practical-Environment/dp/09
40666928 - The Complete Guide to Composting at
http//www.compostguide.com/ - New Eco-Warriors at http//www.boloji.com/wfs/wfs0
51.htm - Have Your Own Vermi-composting Unit at
http//www.cleanindia.org/resoucewatch/waste_vermi
.htm
24Sources of information used to prepare this issue
- From bags to riches the recycling project which
starts in India's rubbish tips at
http//www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/from-
bags-to-riches-the-recycling-project-which-starts-
in-indias-rubbish-tips-522321.html - Metals - Aluminium and Steel Recycling at
http//www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/Informatio
nSheets/metals.htm - Management of Plastic Waste An Article in the
Hindu Newspaper at http//www.hindu.com/thehindu/2
001/08/21/stories/13210613.htm - Bling with a Familiar Ring at http//www.smh.com.a
u/news/technology/old-mobiles-breed-designer-jewel
lery/2007/10/29/1193618785016.html?s_cidrss_techn
ology
25E-waste in Offices
26India From the worlds technology hub
to the worlds digital dump yard
Module 1 of 1
Module 1 o 1
27Tell me more
- While businesses see Bangalore as a technology
hub, environmentalists claim India is the world's
dumping ground for e-waste. - E-waste stands for electronic waste.
- E-waste consists of any broken or unwanted
electrical or electronic appliance like PCs,
mobiles, washing machines, TVs, refrigerators and
the like.
28It's a very organized business in an unorganized
way - Kishore Wankhade, of the environmental
group Toxics Link, Delhi.
Image from http//www.greenpeace.org/international
/campaigns/toxics/electronics/where-does-e-waste-e
nd-up
29Why is this issue important?
- E-waste is of concern largely due to the toxicity
and carcinogenicity of some of the substances if
processed improperly. If treated properly,
electronic waste is a valuable source for
secondary raw materials. However, if not treated
properly, it is a major source of toxins and
carcinogens. - Close to 40,000 tons of used electronic equipment
are dumped in India every month. - Did you know Delhi's e-scrap yards alone employ
more than 20,000 laborers who handle 20,000 tons
of e-waste every year. Close to 100 percent of
total e-waste processing activity in the country
takes place in unorganized recycling and backyard
scrap-trading outfits, using virtually unsafe and
non-existent technology. - In India, although regulations do not allow
import of e-waste, there is no a clear definition
formulated for what constitutes electronic waste
consequently electronic waste finds its way to
Indian shores in under the generic heading of
metal scrap.
30Who is affected?
- Poor people in developing countries like India,
where lower environmental standards and working
conditions make processing e-waste more
profitable. - One ton of computer scrap contains more gold than
17 tons of gold ore. Circuit boards can be 40
times richer in copper than typical copper ore.
But extracting this copper is fraught with
danger. - Delhi's e-scrap yards alone employ more than
20,000 laborers who handle 20,000 tons of e-waste
every year. Close to 100 percent of total e-waste
processing activity in the country takes place in
unorganized recycling and backyard scrap-trading
outfits, using virtually unsafe and non-existent
technology.
31Did you know
- It costs about 20 to recycle a PC in the United
States, whereas unscrupulous Indian importers pay
up to 15 each for buying them out. That means a
net gain of 35 for a U.S. recycler. - In India, there is no a clear definition
formulated for what constitutes e-waste
consequently e-waste finds its way to Indian
shores in under the generic heading of metal
scrap. - "Half of children in a city like Bangalore
already have blood lead levels at about 10
micrograms per decilitre, which has resulted in a
reduction in their intelligence quotient. We are
seeing more and more cases now because more and
more electronic waste is being handled by our
people.
32What has been done so far? Has it worked?
- IRG Systems, Asia is investigating current status
and needs of the e-waste sector in India. View
their findings so far at http//www.assocham.org/e
vents/recent/event_64/Current_Status_Needs_Mr_Amit
_Jain_MD_IRG_SSA.ppt - Experiments are ongoing at a small scale e-waste
recycling plant at Eparisara in Bangalore through
a non-government initiative. - New Delhi based Toxics Links report gave
recommendations in the broad framework of
Extended Producer Responsibility so that future
policies can be made more responsive in
addressing this issue. However, the Indian
government machinery is yet to respond by
approving such recommendations as law. - World-wide, directives like WEEE, RoHS, Basel
Action Network (BAN) and the like are dedicated
to ensuring a decrease in e-waste generation. - The initiatives are still work in progress.
33How can YOU do your bit?
- Volunteer with organizations working in e-waste
management issues. Toxics Link (see
http//www.toxicslink.org/) and Green Peace India
(see http//www.greenpeace.org/india/) are a good
start. - Upgrade your PC it is 5 20 times less impact
on the environment and public health than
recycling. - Hi-tech products like mobile phones are full of
precious resources (metals). Dont upgrade unless
you really, really have to. - Currently, there is no system in India of
drop-off services for EEE recycling points. Form
a group of concerned citizens in your area (such
as a Local Area Citizens Committee) and write to
your Municipal Councillor highlighting your
concerns about the issue.
34Suggested further reading
- Electronic Waste Adds to Pollution in India at
http//www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/jan-june07/
ewaste_02-19.html - Basel Action Network (BAN) at http//www.ban.org/
- The e-Stewards Initiative No Export, No Dumping,
No Prisons! At last you can feel good about
getting rid of that old computer... at
http//www.ban.org/pledge1.html
35Sources of information used to prepare this
issue
- E-waste Crisis Around the Corner at
http//www.indiatogether.org/2003/may/env-ewaste.h
tm - E-waste In India A Growing Industry and
Environmental Threat at http//www.treehugger.com/
files/2007/10/e-waste_in_india.php - E-waste in South Asia at http//www.iges.or.jp/en/
ltp/pdf/activity08/19_jain.pdf - India's Poor Tackle Toxic E-Waste at
http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online
/4341494.stm - India, The E-Wasteland at http//www.physorg.com/n
ews67098899.html
36Energy issues in Offices
37One Watt Initiative
A Global Effort to Reduce Leaking Electricity
38Tell me more
- An energy saving proposal put forth by the
International Energy Agency (IEA) in 1999 to
reduce standby power-use in all appliances to
just one watt. - These include all devices with remote controls
and external power supplies. - Standby power is a significant use of electricity
in all developed countries as well as in many
less developed countries. The products that
consume standby power are often designed,
manufactured, and traded in different countries,
so solutions will require coordination across
borders.
39 Did you know A typical microwave oven consumes
more electricity powering its digital clock than
it does heating food. Thats because most
microwave ovens stand in standby mode more than
99 of the time.
40Why is this issue important?
- The typical power loss per appliance is low (from
1 to 25 W) but when multiplied by the billions of
appliances in houses and in commercial buildings,
standby losses represent a significant fraction
of total world electricity use. - Standby power could account for as much as 10 -
13 of total household power-consumption. The
numbers are bound to be much higher for
commercial buildings. - Standby produces an estimated 1 of the world's
CO2 emissions, which in turn contribute
significantly to global warming. To put the
figure into context, total air travel contributes
slightly less than 3 to global CO2 emissions.
41Estimated annual carbon dioxide emissions from
devices left on standby
Numbers derived using the lifestyle of an average
UK household year 2006. Source TV Sleep
Button Stands Accused at http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/h
i/science/nature/4620350.stm
42Who is affected?
- Us!!! The predicted effects of global warming on
the environment and for human life are numerous
and varied. - Forecasts for secondary and regional effects
include extreme weather events, an expansion of
tropical diseases, changes in the timing of
seasonal patterns in ecosystems, and severe
negative economic impacts.
43What has been done so far?
- By 2005, Australia and Korea had formally adopted
the one-watt plan. Other countries, notably US,
Japan and China, have undertaken strong measures
to reduce standby power use. - An internationally sanctioned definition for
standby power and a common test procedure for
Standby Power was adopted by the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 62301) in 2005,
and this is now widely specified and used.
44Has the initiative been successful?
- Almost all recent national energy efficiency
policy statements mention standby power
explicitly, which was not the case 2-3 years ago. - However, while there has been a steady growth in
the implementation of national programs, the
geographic and product coverage is still
sporadic. - Future conferences on the issue will be held in
China, India and Brazil in order to stimulate
policy development in major developing countries.
45How can YOU do your bit?
- Switch off all electrical appliances at the power
point. - Where possible, compare and buy products. You may
not have a product meeting one watt standards in
the standby mode, but you could help by making
smarter choices. - Write to the Consumer Education and Research
Centre (CERC), requesting it to conduct
comparative testing, rating and ranking of
electrical appliances under the ambit of the one
watt initiative. CERC regularly publishes its
results through its consumer magazine INSIGHT.
See http//www.cercindia.org/.
46Suggested further reading
- Koreas 1-Watt Plan at http//www.un.org/esa/sustd
ev/sdissues/energy/op/forum_dec07/presentations/S4
3_kim.pdf - Making The Most Of Your Energy Free, Impartial
Advice On How To Help You Act On Your CO2
Emissions at http//www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/
- Try the Electricity Running Costs Calculator by
the India Energy Portal at http//www.indiaenergyp
ortal.org/power_calc.php
47Sources of information used to prepare this
issue
- One Watt Initiative at http//en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/One_Watt_Initiative - Pulling the Plug on Standby Power at
http//www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id
5571582 - Standby Power Use And The IEA 1-Watt Plan
Fact Sheet at http//www.iea.org/textbase/papers/2
005/standby_fact.pdf and http//www.iea.org/textba
se/papers/2007/standby_fact.pdf
48RoHS and WEEE in offices
49Tell me more
- The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive is the European Community
directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and
electronic equipment. - Together with the Restriction of the Use of
Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC,
it became European Law in February 2003, setting
collection, recycling and recovery targets for
all types of electrical goods.
50About WEEE
- Imposes responsibility for disposal of WEEE on
the manufacturers of such equipment. - Companies must establish an infrastructure for
collecting WEEE, in such a way that users of
electrical and electronic equipment from private
households should have the possibility of
returning WEEE at least free of charge". - Mandated to use collected waste in an
ecological-friendly manner.
51About RoHS
- Intended to reduce harmful substances at source,
ensuring that these substances are not leached
into the environment by equipments, which
inevitably are not recycled. - Restricts use of 6 hazardous materials in the
manufacture of electronic and electrical
equipment lead, mercury, cadmium , hexavalent
chromium (Cr6) , polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)
and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). - Restrictions do not call for the total
elimination of these substances but set an upper
limit based upon weight.
52Why is this issue important?
- Both directives are part of an EU-led legislative
initiative to solve the problem of huge amounts
of toxic e-waste. - The world's annual volume of "e-waste" is
expected to exceed 40 million tonnes in the near
future!
53Who is affected?
- Compliance is the responsibility of the company
that puts the product on the market components
and sub-assemblies are not responsible for
product compliance. - Data on substance concentrations must be
transferred through the supply chain to the final
producer. - Products under the scanner include household
appliances, IT equipment, telecommunications
equipment, lighting equipment, toys, leisure and
sports equipment.
54An Example of how RoHS would apply
Contacts and pins comprising of a copper strip
with a surface coating
Circuit board consisting of ICs, resistors,
capacitors, switches
Coil with Cu windings
Speakers consisting of a permanent magnet, copper
wire, paper, etc.
Everything that can be identified as a
homogeneous material must meet the limit
55Have these initiatives worked?
- Its too early to tell but there is every
indication that manufactures will comply. - In 2007, UN has launched a global initiative to
tackle e-waste through a private-public
partnership to create a global recycling
standard, extend the life of products and improve
the market for second-hand goods. - There are Asian off-shoots of RoHS/WEEE in the
form of the China RoHS, Korea RoHS and Japan
Green Procurement Survey Standardization
Initiative. - The manufacturer sees a 400 million market as
lucrative. Being excluded from that is not an
option!
56How can YOU do your bit?
- Try not to generate hazardous waste in the first
place! - You can use safer and environmentally friendly
options to replace potentially hazardous
ingredients in your own home. For e.g., neem oil
is a natural insecticide obtained from the neem
tree and may be used as an effective replacement
for pest control at home. For more tips, see
http//www.govlink.org/hazwaste/house/alternatives
/. - Currently, there is no system in India of
drop-off services for correct disposal of
household hazardous waste. Form a group of
concerned citizens in your area (such as a Local
Area Citizens Committee) and write to your
Municipal Councillor highlighting your concerns
about the issue.
57Suggested further reading
- Alternatives to Hazardous Household Products at
http//www.govlink.org/hazwaste/house/alternatives
/ - Supreme Court of India, Civil Original
Jurisdiction Writ Petition No. 657 of 1995.
Research Foundation for Science, Technology
Natural Resource Policy, New Delhi vs. Union of
India at http//www.scmc.info/sc_orders/supremecou
rtorder.rtf - The Blue Lady Anchors, Quietly at
http//indiatogether.com/2006/jun/env-bluelady.htm
- Detoxify the Corridor at http//www.indiatogether.
net/petitions/hchem.htm - Endosulfan Conspiracy by Centre for Science and
Environment, New Delhi at http//www.cseindia.org/
html/endosulfan/endosulfan_index.htm
58Sources of information used to prepare this
issue
- Back The Long Arm of the Law on
IndiaTogether.com at www.indiatogether.org/2004/se
p/env-polluters.htm - Supreme Court of India, Civil Original
Jurisdiction Writ Petition No. 657 of 1995.
Research Foundation for Science, Technology
Natural Resource Policy, New Delhi vs. Union of
India at http//www.scmc.info/sc_orders/supremecou
rtorder.rtf - The Dangers of Hazardous Waste by Toxics Link at
http//www.toxicslink.org/art-view.php?id2
59About Management System Standards (ISO 14001)
60The Need for a Management System
61History
- ISO 14001 was first published in 1996 and
subsequently updated in 2004 - The revised standards of ISO 9001 2008 and ISO
14001 2004 are cross-compatible and hence can be
combined or integrated to optimize benefits
62About the Management Standards
- These are management standards and not
performance standards (as they do not mandate
performance requirements) - Voluntary by definition (but often indirectly
mandated through market requirements such as
clients or customers) - Involve participation from people
63Basis of EMS
Both systems Follow.
- Organizational structure
- Planning activities
- Responsibilities
- Practices
- Procedures
- Processes
- Resources
Plan
Act
Do
Check
Continual Improvement
64Structure and Elements of ISO 14001
65Critical Factors to Success
- Top Management Commitment (they have already
decided) - Employee (thats You!) involvement at all levels
- Integration into overall management function
(System should become a Habit!) - Common Barriers
- Constraints of Time and Resources (addition to
your work load? Not really!) - Insufficient Top management support (not true for
LT Infotech) - Uncertainty about the Intent of EMS (that is why
this module) - Additional Documentation and Paperwork
66Who should do it?
Contrary to popular belief, EMS management
systems are not the responsibility of
environmental or administration departments
alone.. Although initiated and established with
the primary role of these departments, it is the
collective responsibility of all staff /
employees (at all functions and levels) and
contractors to sustain and continually improve
the environmental performance of the organization
An EMS needs the ongoing leadership and support
of the highest levels of management in the
enterprise if it is going to succeed.
67EMS ISO 140012004
68Environmental Management System
- A systematic problem identification and problem
solving tool which can be implemented in an
organization in many different ways, depending on
the precise sector of activity and the needs
perceived by management for improved
environmental performance and environmental
protection, on a continual basis.
69Objectives of ISO 14001
- To make environmental management a proactive
exercise and show that a strategic approach can
bring higher return on investment in environment
related measures. - To establish a common approach to environmental
management systems that is internationally
recognized, leading to improved environmental
protection and reducing barriers to international
trade.
70Clauses of ISO 14001-2004
- 4.1 Scope
- 4.2 Environmental Policy
- 4.3 Planning
- 4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
- 4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements
- 4.3.3 Objectives, Targets and Programme (s)
- 4.4 Implementation and Operation
- 4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility and
Authority - 4.4.2 Competence, Training and Awareness
- 4.4.3 Communication
- 4.4.4 Documentation
- 4.4.5 Control of Documents
- 4.4.6 Operational Control
- 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response
- 4.5 Checking
- 4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement
- 4.5.2 Evaluation of Compliance
- 4.5.3 Non-conformity, Corrective action and
Preventive action - 4.5.4 Control of Records
71EMS at LT Infotech
72Environmental Policy of LT Infotech
- We, at LT Infotech Ltd. having our headquarters
located at Mumbai and our branch offices at Navi
Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and Chennai, are a global
IT services and solutions provider in India, and
are committed to addressing and managing our
environmental impacts by establishing and
continually improving an environmental management
system (EMS) and adhering to all the applicable
environmental legislation and other requirements. - Â
- We will strive to minimize and control our
resource (including energy) consumption and waste
generation through use of pollution preventive
strategies and appropriate technologies and are
committed to taking continual efforts to raise
awareness on environment across the organization. - Â
- We will provide a safe and healthy workplace for
all our employees, contractual personnel as well
as visitors. - Â
- Date ____________ __________________
- Authorized Signatory of Top
Management
73Significant Environmental Aspects at LT Infotech
(each centre)
74Key Legal Requirements on Environments at LT
Infotech
- Air Act and Rules (operation of DG sets)
- Environmental regulations on DG Sets - CPCB
- Water Act and Rules (generation of wastewater /
sewage) - Water Cess Act and Rules (water consumption for
drinking and washing) - ODS Rules (refrigerants in chillers)
- Batteries Rules (LA batteries for UPS)
- Motor Vehicles Act and Rules (transportation
fleet) - E-waste (MH) Rules presently in draft mode
will be in force in couple of months (waste from
electronic equipment / components / hardware)
75Key Other Requirements on Environments at LT
Infotech
76Environmental Objectives and Targets at LT
Infotech
77Environmental Management Programmes at LT
Infotech
78Documentation of EMS System at LT Infotech
Apex Corporate Manual  EMS Procedures  Operatio
nal Control Procedures at each Centre  Formats
and Records at each Centre
79What is your role in EMS?
- Are you aware of your EMS policy and its
implications on the company operations in the
form of Objectives, Targets and Programmes? - Are you aware of environmental aspects and
hazards / risks in your functional area? - Do you know how to identify significance or
acceptability of these? - What are the current objectives, targets and
programmes applicable to your function /
department? - Which Operational Controls / Operational Control
Procedures are applicable to you / your
department or function? - Where do you access system documents?
- What records are you expected to maintain in the
systems? - Do you know which Environmental emergencies are
possible in your organization and what response
has been planned? What is your role?
80Thank you