Abraham Lincoln

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Abraham Lincoln

• 16th President of the United States

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Warm Up

• What do you know about Abraham Lincoln?
• What do you want to know?
• What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
• How did this document change American history?

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Early Life

• B. Feb. 12, 1809 D. Apr. 14, 1865 (Good Friday)
• Born in a log cabin in KY
• Father, Thomas, a skilled carpenter-- able to buy
  3 farms
• Mother, Nancy--not much known about her
• 1816-- The family moved to Illinois "partly on
  account of slavery
• His parents were part of the Baptist church which
  forbade slavery
• This belief would lead Lincoln to say he was
  "naturally anti-slavery"

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Lincolns Birthplace?
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Lincolns Birthplace?
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Early Life cont..

• His mother died in 1818
• His sister dies in 1828
• He and his father became estranged from one
  another
• In 1831, he left home and settled in New Salem,
  Illinois near Springfield
• He was elected captain of his volunteer military
  company during the Black Hawk War (1832)

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Political Career

• 1834-- Member of the lower house of the Illinois
  legislature (until 1841)
• Was a member of the Whig party
• Political party who stood for national economic
  development (opportunity and change)
• Slavery was the opposite of opportunity and
  mobility
• Lincoln stated his political opposition to it as
  early as 1837

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Political Career cont..

• 1836-- Lincoln became a lawyer
• Had a successful law practice
• Courted and married Mary Todd in November of 1842
• They had four sons
• Only one lived past his 18th birthday
• 1847-49 was a member of the House of
  Representatives
• Opposed the American/Mexican war
• Felt the President violated the Constitution

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Political Career cont..

• He opposed any U.S. expansion that would allow
  slavery into new areas
• Supported the Wilmot Proviso
• After 1849, he did not run for Congress again
• Went back to Springfield and resumed his law
  practice

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Political Career cont..

• Was against the Kansas/Nebraska act
• Thought it was immoral
• Constitution protected those states where slavery
  existed not newly admitted states
• This put him directly against Stephen A. Douglas,
  who favored the KS/NE act
• 1858- Ran against Douglas for the Senate
• Lincoln claimed that Douglas, Chief Justice
  Roger B. Taney conspired to nationalize slavery
• He said the nation would become either all slave
  or all free
• "A house divided against itself cannot stand."

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Lincoln-Douglas Debate

• Lincoln--Republican party
• Douglas--Democratic party
• Douglas was a picture of efficiency and success
• Stylish dresser, popular, heavy drinker
• Arrived in town by private railroad car, met by a
  band, and rode through town via parade
• Lincoln was a man of the people
• Wore ill-fitting suits, stovepipe hat (hid
  letters and notes), just an ordinary guy
• Rode by stage coach from place to place, and
  walked with people when he arrived in a town
• They are opposites in appearance, not intellect
• Both extremely intelligent

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Lincoln-Douglas Debate cont..

• Had 7 debates against each other
• Both were trying to win votes
• Tailored their arguments to appeal to the local
  audiences
• Northern cities more antislavery
• Southern cities more proslavery
• Douglas strategy make Lincoln look like an
  abolitionist--against Dred Scott decision
• Lincolns strategy make Douglas out to be a
  defender of slavery-- for the Dred Scott decision

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1860 Lincoln 1865
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Lincoln-Douglas Debate cont..

• Lincolns political position
• He would play both sides
• All men are created equal BUT I am not trying
  to bring about the social and political equality
  of the white and black races.
• He opposed allowing African Americans to
• Vote
• Sit on juries
• Marry white woman
• To be citizens
• Douglas would win the debates and the Senate seat
• The two would meet againreal soon

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The Election of 1860

• Lincoln won the Republican nomination in 1860
• Was actually the second choice the first choice,
  William Seward, was not liked in key states (PA
  being one of them)
• Republicans were shrewd in choosing him
• Wonderful debater
• His political personality Honest Abe,
  Railsplitter
• A man of humble origins born in a log cabin
• Self-Educated
• Self-made man
• A common man, but not ordinary

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Election Security
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The Railsplitter
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The Election of 1860 cont.

• Lincoln ran against four other candidates
• One person was Stephen Douglas (Democrat)
• Lincoln won with 1,866,000 votes
• The other three candidates combined had a million
  more votes than him
• He swept the North and West
• This election did not sit well with the South
• On December 20th, 1861, South Carolina called a
  convention, and voted unanimously to secede
• By February 1, 1861--six other states followed
• A week later a government of the Confederate
  States of America was established

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1860 Election Map
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Electoral Votes
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Inauguration
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Secession Votes
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Lincoln and the Civil War

• He was noted for his sometimes strict measures,
  dancing around (and sometimes on the
  Constitution), and being at odds with his
  military generals
• He had clear objectives kill the enemy
• Looking for a general who had the same mentality
• Found it in Ulysses S. Grant
• With Grant in charge, Lincoln took a smaller role
  in military affairs
• But was ALWAYS involved

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Lincoln and the Civil War

• Lincoln was viewed as a tyrant, by some
• Suppressed civil liberties
• Suspended the writ of habeas corpus for the
  nation on September 24, 1862
• But, he did tolerate criticism from the press and
  politicians
• Restrained commanders from making unnecessary
  arrests
• Still, some thought he would become a dictator
• They believed he would postpone the election of
  1864 he did not

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Lincoln and the Civil War cont.

• Slavery issue
• In peace, he would never go against the
  Constitution
• BUT, this is WAR!! And in war
• He believed the Commander in Chief could abolish
  slavery if necessary
• This brought about the Emancipation Proclamation

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Consists of two executive orders
• 1. Issued September 22, 1862
• Declared freedom to all slaves in any Confederate
  States of America that did not return to Union
  control by January 1, 1863
• In essence, this was a military action
• Deprive the South of slave labor
• Add more men to the Union army

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Emancipation Proclamation

• 2. Issued January 1, 1863
• Named the states where this applied
• All slaves shall be then, thenceforward, and
  forever free.
• This proclamation committed the Union to ending
  slavery
• This was not a law passed by Congress
• It was a Presidential/Executive order
• Lincoln believed he had this right under Article
  II, Section 2 of the Constitution

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Emancipation Proclamation

• BUT Some Northern whites only wanted to free the
  slaves to injure their master
• The hatred between the North and South
• Lincoln had ulterior motives
• Freeing slaves wins favor in Europe
• Immediate effect aggravate racial prejudice
• Whites hated slavery, but would not stand for
  equality with blacks
• Northerners feared for their jobs, again
• Feared a huge black migration north
• Government pursued a containment policy

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Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincolns Signature
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Lincoln on the Battlefield
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Lincolns Assassination

• April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered the
  Southern army to Ulysses S. Grant
• This ended the Civil War
• April 11, 1865 Lincoln spoke outside the White
  House
• Lincoln spoke of giving blacks voting rights
• This infuriated some, but forced on to act
• John Wilkes Booth was in attendance that day

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Lincolns Assassination cont.

• John Wilkes Booth was born May 10, 1838
• He was a Shakespearean actor, and well known
  throughout the country
• Booth was also a racist and Southern sympathizer
• He hated Lincoln and blamed him for all of the
  Souths flaws

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Lincolns Assassination cont.

• Booth wanted revenge
• He was plotting to do something to Lincoln as
  early as 1864
• His one plot was to kidnap Lincoln and bring him
  to the Southern capital (Richmond, Virginia)
• Their were 8 others he involved
• After hearing Lincolns speech, Booth felt more
  drastic measures were needed Assassination!!!

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Lincolns Assassination cont.

• Booth learned that Lincoln and Grant were going
  to Fords Theater on April 14, to watch a play
  called Our American Cousin
• He spoke with his other co-conspirators and
  developed a plan
• Booth would kill Lincoln at the theater (Grant
  left town)
• George Atzerodt was to kill Vice-President Andrew
  Johnson, at the Kirkwood House. where Johnson
  resided
• Lewis Paine and David Herold were to kill Sec. of
  State William Seward
• All attacks were to take place at 1015 pm
• Booth hoped the chaos that ensued would mean a
  comeback for the South

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Lincolns Assassination cont.

• The Presidential party arrived at 830 pm, and
  Lincoln sat in his private box
• The Lincolns were sitting with Clara Harris and
  Henry Rathbone
• Booth arrived at 930 pm, went across the street
  to the tavern, to ease his nerves
• Booth entered the theater around 1007 pm, and
  made his way to the Presidential box, armed with
  a single shot derringer pistol and a hunting
  knife
• Lincolns body guard left his post-- he was
  guarding the entrance into the Presidential box
• At 1015, the door to Lincolns box swung open

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Lincolns Assassination cont.

• Booth shot Lincoln in the back of the head at
  near point blank range
• Booth struggled with Rathbone, and stabbed him
• He jumped about 10-11 onto the stage, and broke
  his leg
• He yelled, Sic Semper Tyrannis Latin for As
  Always to Tyrants.
• He waved his knife at the stunned crowed, and
  left the building-- A manhunt was about to begin

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Lincolns Assassination cont.

• As for the other conspirators
• Atzerodt made no attempt to kill Johnson
• Paine stabbed Seward, but did not kill him
• Herold escaped using the same bridge Booth did
• Lincoln was taken across the street to the
  Peterson House
• He never regained consciousness, and died

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Lincolns Assassination
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Fords Theater 1865
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Fords Theater Today
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Room Lincoln Died In
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Manhunt

• Booth and Herold met up in Maryland, at Mary
  Surratt's tavern, around midnight
• Surratt left supplies and a package for Booth
• 400 am they arrived at Dr. Mudds home
• Mudd set Booths leg
• They left Mudds home, early in the afternoon of
  April 15, and headed South
• Federal authorities were also heading South

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Manhunt cont..

• Federal authorities caught up with them at
  Garrett's farm near Port Royal, Virginia, early
  in the morning of April 26
• Hiding in a barn, Herold gave up---Booth did not
• The barn was set on fire, and Booth said he would
  come out shooting
• Sergeant Boston Corbett shot Booth to death
• Corbett was ordered not to shoot!!

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Garretts Farm
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Conspirators

• Within days after Booth was killed, the others
  were arrested
• A military tribunal tried them, and all were
  found guilty.
• Mrs. Surratt, Powell, Atzerodt, and Herold were
  all hanged on July 7, 1865.
• Dr. Mudd, O'Laughlen, and Arnold were given life
  terms in prison
• President Andrew Johnson pardoned Dr. Mudd,
  Arnold, and Spangler early in 1869

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