Human Body Systems

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Human Body Systems
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• Levels of organization Cell ? Tissue ? Organ ?
  System

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• 4 main types of tissue
• 1) Epithelial
• Sheets of tightly packed cells, covers the body,
  lines organs, and protects
• One side is always bound to a basement membrane
• Other side faces air or fluid environment
• 2) Connective
• Supports and binds
• Cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bone, blood

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• 3) Muscle
• Body movement
• Muscle filaments are made of actin myosin
  (proteins)
• The fibers contract when stimulated by a nerve
• Most abundant tissue in animals
• 3 types
• Skeletal used for movement is voluntary
• Smooth found in organs is involuntary
• Cardiac in heart is involuntary

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• 4) Nervous
• Functional unit is a nerve cell (neuron)
• Senses stimuli transmits signals from one part
  of the body to another

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• 11 major body systems
• Digestive
• Circulatory
• Respiratory
• Excretory
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• -Integumentary
• Reproductive
• Immune or Lymphatic

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• 1) Digestive System break down food
• You get energy for your body from the food you eat

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The steps of digestion

• 1) Mouth
• Teeth chew food
• 2) Esophagus
• As you swallow your food it passes down the
  esophagus

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• 3) Stomach
• Breaks down the food and turns it into liquid
• The liquid is called chyme

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• 4) Small Intestine
• The good stuff we need is absorbed into the body
• Blood takes it where it needs to go

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• 5) Large Intestine
• Removes the water
• The rest is released from your body
• Takes about 24-33 hours

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• 2) Circulatory System carries materials
• Contains the heart and blood vessels
• The heart pumps blood throughout the body
• Blood carries food and oxygen to where it is
  needed

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• The Heart
• About the size of your fist
• Most powerful organ in the body
• The heart beat is automatic

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Blood Flow Through the Body

• 1) Right atrium receives blood from the body (low
  in oxygen/high in carbon dioxide)
• 2) Blood moves into the right ventricle
• 3) The RV pumps the blood to the lungs
• 4) Blood is filled with oxygen in the lungs
  carbon dioxide leaves the blood and is removed
  through exhaling (breathing out)
• 5) The blood leaves the lungs and heads back to
  the heart (has lots of oxygen now)
• 6) Goes to the left atrium
• 7) Moves to the left ventricle (thick and
  powerful)
• 8) LV sends blood out of the aorta to the rest of
  the body

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Blood

• Blood vessels
• Arteries carry blood away from heart
• Veins carry blood to the heart
• Blood pressure
• Force of blood against the walls of blood vessels
  (usually arteries)

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• 3) Respiratory System (get oxygen)
• Uses the lungs
• Air brought in when you breathe through the
  trachea
• Inhale Exhale

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• 4) Excretory System (get rid of wastes)
• Get rid of water, heat, salt, and nitrogen
• Kidneys
• Perspiration sweating

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• 5) Nervous System (controls activities)
• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• All other nerves in the body

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CNS

• 1) Brain
• 3 parts
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem

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• 2) Spinal Cord
• 31 pairs of nerves protected by vertebra

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• 5 senses
• Vision (eyes)
• Hearing (ears)
• Touch (skin)
• Taste (tongue)
• Sweet, sour, bitter, salty
• Smell (nose)

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• 6) Endocrine (controls activities)
• Made of glands
• Hormones are chemical messengers

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• 7) Skeletal System (protects supports)
• Support the body and gives it shape
• Allows movement
• Protect organs
• Ribcage (heart lungs)
• Vertebrae (spinal cord)
• Skull (brain)

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• 206 bones in the body
• Not the nose or ears

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• 8) Muscular system (allows movement)
• Over 600 muscles in the body
• Works with the skeletal system to allow movement

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• 3 kinds of muscle tissue
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac

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• 9) Integumentary system
• Fights diseases
• The organ is your skin
• The skin is the largest organ of your body
• Hair and fingernails/toenails are part

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• 10) Reproductive System
• Used by animals to reproduce
• Main organs
• Males testes penis
• Females ovaries, uterus, vagina

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Male
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Female
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• 11) Immune/Lymphatic system
• Protects the body from diseases
• Main structures
• White blood cells
• Lymph nodes

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