Skeletal System

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Skeletal System

• Chp. 7

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Types of Bones

• Long femur, tibia, humorus, phalange
• Short carpals, tarsals
• Flat frontal, parietal, sternum, ribs
• Irregular vertebra, mandible, coxal

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Fractures

• Open breaks the skin
• Closed encased in the skin
• Simple 1 crack
• Compound multiple cracks
• Greenstick - youth
• Stress overuse problem, microscopic breaks
• Spiral around the bone

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Tendons

• Attach muscle to bone
• Achilles
• Calcaneal
• Tennis Elbow
• Tendonitis
• Carpal-tunnel syndrome

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Ligaments

• Attaches bone to bone
• MCL medial collateral ligament
• LCL lateral collateral ligament
• PCL Posterior cruciate ligament
• ACL Anterior cruciate ligament
• 1 degree - stretching
• 2 degree partially tearing
• 3 degree complete tear (avulsion)

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Bone Structure
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Bone Development and Growth

• Ossification
• types
• Intermembraneous
• Interchondral
• Osteocytes
• Osteoclast
• Osteoblast

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Organization of the Skeleton

• Axial
• skull - head
• hyoid anchors tongue
• vertebral column backbone
• thoracic cage - chest
• Appendicular
• pectoral girdle - shoulder
• upper limbs arms
• pelvic girdle hips
• lower limbs - legs

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• Name location
• Femur thigh 2

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Axial skeleton (skull)

• 22 bones?
• Sutures
• sinus
• Cranium frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal,
  sphenoid, ethmoid
• Facial maxillary, palatine, zygomatic,
  lacrimal, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae,
  mandible
• Infantile skull - fontanels

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Sinus

• Frontal
• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid
• Maxillary

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Axial skeleton (vertebral column)

• Vertebra
• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Lumbar
• Sacrum
• coccyx

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Axial skeleton (thoracic cage)

• Sternum manubrium, xiphoid process
• Ribs true
• false
• floating

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Apendicular Skeleton

• Pectoral girdle
• Upper limb
• Pelvic girdle
• Lower limb

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Apendicular Skeleton (pectoral girdle)
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• Hannah Montana-Bone dance - Google Video

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Pectorial Girdle

• Clavical
• Scapula
• Humerus
• Ulna
• Radius
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges of the hand

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Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges of the hand
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Humerus
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scapula
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Ulna and radius
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• Coxal
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Patella
• Tarsels
• Metatarsels
• Phalanges of the foot

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Pelvic girdle
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coxal
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Tarsels, metatarsels, phalanges of the foot
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Tibia and fibula
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femur
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Apendicular Skeleton (upper limb)
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Apendicular Skeleton (pelvic girdle)
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Apendicular Skeleton (lower limb)
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Joints

• Fibrous Joints sutures, tibia and fibula
• Cartilaginous Joints disk/vertebrate, symphysis
  pubis, ribs
• Synovial Joints

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Synovial Joints

• 1. Ball and Socket hip, shoulder
• 2. condyloid metacarpals and phalanges
• Oval shape to elliptical
• 3. gliding wrist and ankle
• 4. Hinge convex to concave elbow, knee
• 5. pivot ulna/radius, C-1 C-2
• 6. saddle metacarpal and thumb

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Types of joint movement

• Flexion decrease in angle of the joint
• Extension increase in the angle of the joint to
  180
• Abduction Away from midline
• Adduction - Toward the midline
• Dorsiflexion toes up
• Plantar flexion toes down
• Hyperextension - past 180
• Circumduction 360 circle at end
• Rotation pivot/twist

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Types of joint movement

• Pronation palm down
• Supination palm up
• Eversion sole goes out
• Inversion sole goes in
• Retraction chin back
• Protraction chin out
• Elevation move up
• Depression move down

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Skull Quiz

• Cranium mastoid
  process
• Frontal foramen magnum
• Parietal mental
  foramen
• Occipital sella
  turcica turks saddle
• Temporal coronal
  suture
• Sphenoid occipital
  condyloid
• Ethmoid sagittal suture
• Maxillary Zygomatic
  Lacrimal
  Nasal
  
• inferior nasal conchae mandible