Pathology 2 Misc. Diseases

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Pathology 2 Misc. Diseases
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Findings for Nutritional Diseases

• Scurvy
• Rickets
• Hypervitaminosis
• Obesity

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Scurvy

• Deficiency in Vitamin C
• Causes osteoporosis with blurring of trabecular
  markings and severe cortical thickening

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Rickets

• Deficiency of Vitamin D
• Causes lack of absorption of calcium
• Weak and deformed bones contribute to
  osteomalacia (general softening of bones)

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• Before therapy After therapy

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Hypervitaminosis (D)

• Hyprecalcemia leading to deposits of calcium in
  the kidneys, heart, lungs, and wall of the stomach

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Obesity

• Excessive adipose tissue due to caloric intake
  exceeding calories required
• Causes displacement of anatomic structures,
  elevated diaphragm, and widened mediastinum

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• Enlarged retrogastric space

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Findings for Misc. Disorders

• Lead poisoning
• Sarcoidosis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Melanoma
• Muscular Dystrophy

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Lead Poisoning

• Ingestion of lead-containing materials
• Dense transverse bands extending across
  metaphyses of long bones (lead lines)

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Sarcoidosis

• Unknown cause of granulomatous disease
• Bilat. Hilar lymph node enlargement
• punched out appearance on long bones

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• Immune complex disease
• Subluxation and malalignment of joints
• Pleural effusions, small and bilateral

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Melanoma

• Widely metastasizing malignant skin cancer
• Metastatic involvement of GI tract
• Round or oval nodules with necrosis and ulceration

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Muscular Dystrophy

• Replacement of muscle by fat
• Fine striated (striped) appearance of remaining
  muscle bundles

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Findings for Hereditary Diseases

• Down Syndrome
• Turners Syndrome

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Down Syndrome

• Extra autosomal chromosome
• Decreased acetabular and iliac angles with
  hypoplasia and lateral flaring of iliac wings

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Turners Syndrome

• Chromosome disorder
• One X chromosome in female
• Shortening of 4th and 5th metacarpals

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