Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia

1
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia The Virus, the
Disease and the 2006 New York State Experience

• Paul R. Bowser
• Professor of Aquatic Animal Medicine
• College of Veterinary Medicine
• Cornell University
• Ithaca, New York

2
Those Involved

• AAHP at Cornell
• Dr. Paul Bowser
• Dr. James Casey
• Dr. Rodman Getchell
• Dr. Geof Groocock
• Dr. Yung-Sook Kim
• Greg Wooster
• Rafina Casey
• Kelly Britt
• Holly Kohler
• Steve Frattini
• Dept. of Pathology
• Dr. Ana Alcaraz

• USGS
• Dr. Jim Winton
• Dr. Bill Batts
• NYS DEC
• Doug Stang
• Bill Culligan
• Andy Noyes
• Regional Fisheries Chiefs and Staff
• SUNY ESF
• Dr. John Farrell
• Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary
  Research,
• Dr. N.J. Olesen

3
VHS in the Great Lakes

• The Virus
• Disease Investigations
• 2005 (and earlier)
• 2006
• Diagnostic Approach
• Surveillance
• 2006

4
Rhabdovirus
Examples of Rhabdoviruses VHSV (Viral
Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus) IHNV
(Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus) Rabies
5
Important To Note

• VHSV is
• NOT
• a Human Pathogen

6
VHSV - Genotypes

• Genotype I
• Europe, Japan
• Genotype II
• Europe, Japan
• Genotype III
• Europe, Japan
• Genotype IV
• North America, Japan, Korea

7
VHSV - Sequence data

• A region of the G gene was sequenced at the USGS
  Seattle Laboratory.
• VHSV isolates from the Lake Ontario freshwater
  drum, the Lake St. Claire muskellunge, and the
  round goby were found to be essentially
  identical.
• Significantly different from other North American
  VHSV isolates.

83
100
97
IVa
100
83
IVb
100
Ib
99
Id
75
Ia
96
96
I
100
I
100
Ic
Ie
96
III
96
100
II
0.01 substitutions/site
Elsayed et al. 2006
8
VHSV - Sequence data

• A region of the G gene was sequenced at the USGS
  Seattle Laboratory.
• VHSV isolates from the Lake Ontario freshwater
  drum, the Lake St. Clair muskellunge, and the
  round goby were found to be essentially
  identical.
• Significantly different from other North American
  VHSV isolates.

83
100
97
IVa
100
83
IVb
100
Ib
99
Id
75
Ia
96
96
I
100
I
100
Ic
Ie
96
III
96
100
II
0.01 substitutions/site
Elsayed et al. In Press
9

Disease Investigations2005 (and earlier)

• Lake St. Claire, Michigan (MSU)
• Muskellunge
• (some submitted over several years to 2003)
• Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada
• (U of Guelph)
• Muskellunge, Freshwater Drum

10
VHSV Mortality Events
2005
11
Disease Investigations - 2006
April, 2006 Lake St. Claire Ontario (U of Guelph) FW Drum, Musky Acute Mortality
April, 26, 2006 Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie Ohio (USFWS, LaCrosse, WI) FW Drum VERY LARGE mortality event
12
Disease Investigations - 2006
May 3, 2006 Cape Vincent, St. Lawrence River New York (Cornell) Round Goby Large mortality event
May 12, 2006 Clayton, St. Lawrence River New York (Cornell) Burbot Continuing mortality, mult. spp.
May 15, 2006 Sandy Creek, L. Ontario New York (Cornell) Round Goby Large mortality event
May 22, 2006 Middle Basin, Lake Erie Ohio (USFWS, LaCrosse, WI) Yellow Perch Large Mortality event assoc. with commercial traps
May 24, 2006 Clayton, St. Lawrence River New York (Cornell) Muskellunge Mult. Large fish found dead
May 31, 2006 Middle Basin, Lake Erie Ohio (USFWS, LaCrosse, WI) YP, WAL, WhB, FW Drum, SMB Large mortality event
13
Disease Investigations - 2006
June, 2006 Clinton River, Lake St. Claire Michigan (MSU) Gizzard shad, Redhorse Sucker, Bluntnose Minnow, N. Pike Large mortality event
June 1, 2006 Western Basin, Lake Erie Ohio (USFWS, LaCrosse, WI) Yellow Perch, White Bass Mortality event
June 8, 2006 Tibetts Point, Lake Ontario New York (Cornell) Smallmouth Bass Continuing mortality event multiple spp.
14
Disease Investigations - 2006
August 18, 2006 Conesus Lake New York (Cornell) Walleye Mortality Event
CU
15
VHSV Mortality Events
16
VHSV Gross Pathology

• Causes a hemorrhagic disease
• Multiplies in endothelial cells of blood
  capillaries, leucocytes, hematopoietic and
  nephron cells

BioMar
17
VHSV - New York isolations
Round Goby St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario
Muskellunge (57, 45 lbs) St. Lawrence River
18
VHSV - New York isolations
Smallmouth Bass Lake Ontario
Burbot St. Lawrence River
19
VHSV - New York isolations
Walleye Conesus Lake
20
Diagnostic ApproachSurveillance

• Cell Culture
• RT-PCR
• Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
• Test Fish with qRT-PCR
• Test Fish with cell culture

21
Diagnostic ApproachSurveillance

• Some comments
• Cell culture is labor/time consuming
• Cell culture variation between cell lines and
  cell cultures at different labs
• Need for standardization of cells
• But cell culture is the legal standard

22
Surveillance Efforts - 2006

• Collaboration with
• New York State Department of Environmental
  Conservation
• Cornell University Biological Field Station,
  Oneida Lake, New York
• SUNY College of Environmental Sciences and
  Forestry Syracuse, Thousand Island Biological
  Field Station, St. Lawrence River

23
Surveillance Samples - 2006

• St. Lawrence River fish survey (288 fish, TIBS)
• NYS DEC
• Bait Minnow surveys (L. Erie, Niagara River,
  Saint Lawrence River)
• NYS DEC Priority Waters and spp.(17 waters)
• NYS DEC Priority Fish Species
• TOTAL 1250 fish

24
NYS Priority Surveillance Locations2006
Submitted

• Hudson River YP, SMB
• (Upper)
• Rondout Creek YP, SMB
• (Lower Hudson River)
• Black Lake YP, SMB
• Seneca Lake YP, SMB
• Red Lake YP, SMB
• Racquette Lake LT
• Little Clear Lake LLS

• Honeoye Lake YP, SMB
• Otisco Lake Wal, SMB
• Oneida Lake Wal, YP
• Whitney Pt. Reservoir Wal
• Chautauqua Lake Misc.
• Lake Ontario Coho (early)
• Lake Ontario Chinook
• Lake Ontario Coho
• Saranac Lake chain YP, SMB
• LMB
• Findley Lake Misc.

25
New York State VHSV Surveillance2006

• Priorities identified by NYS DEC
• Priority waters
• 30 of a predator fish species
• 30 of a prey fish species
• Priority fish species
• Chinook Salmon
• Coho Salmon
• Walleye
• Bait Minnows

26
New York State 2006 Surveillance
From http//fermi.jhuapl.edu/states/maps1/ny.gif
27
Surveillance Samples 2006Cell Culture Positive

• St. Lawrence River
• Bluegill
• Rock bass
• Smallmouth Bass
• Brown Bullhead
• Bluntnose Minnow
• Lake Ontario
• Freshwater Drum
• Niagara River
• Emerald Shiner
• Lake Erie
• Emerald Shiner

Results up to date 22 FEB 2006
28
New York State 2006 Surveillance
positive by cell culture
From http//fermi.jhuapl.edu/states/maps1/ny.gif
29
New York State 2006 Mortalities and Surveillance
From http//fermi.jhuapl.edu/states/maps1/ny.gif
30
Future Needs

• Continued Surveillance
• Research
• Public Education

31
Tanks Again to..

• New York State Department of Environmental
  Conservation
• USDA APHIS
• New York Sea Grant
• Cornell University Biological Field Station,
  Oneida Lake, New York
• Thousand Island Biological Station/SUNY ESF

32
Click here for Home Page