Neuroscience CAI

1
The Motor System
Neuro Quiz
Identify the correct question
Click to Play!
? Michael McKeough 2008
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Motor SystemNeuro Quiz
Dorsolateral Motor System Ventromedial MotorSystem Motor Neurons Misc. Motor Control Centers
100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500 500
Click category value to begin.
3
Dorsolateral Motor System 100

• Learned, willed, skilled movements, particularly
  of the hand.

What are the types of movement (functions)
controlled by the dorsolateral motor system?
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4
Dorsolateral Motor System200

• The cell bodies of these neurons are located in
  somatically organized areas of the precentral
  gyrus.
• The axons of these neurons travel in the lateral
  corticospinal tract.

What are upper motor neurons?
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5
Dorsolateral Motor System 300

• The cell bodies of these neurons are located in
  somatically organized areas of the ventral horn.
• The axons of these neurons travel in the
  peripheral nervous system and innervate skeletal
  muscle.

What are lower motor neurons?
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6
Dorsolateral Motor System 400

• Upper motor neurons cross the midline (decussate)
  after passing through this structure.

What is the medullary pyramid?
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7
Dorsolateral Motor System 500

• Approximately 10 of upper motor neurons have
  this relationship with lower motor neurons.

What are monosynaptic connections?
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8
Ventromedial Motor System 100

• These are the types of movement (functions)
  controlled by the ventromedial motor system.

What are tone, posture, and associative movement?
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9
Ventromedial Motor System 200

• These tracts comprise the ventromedial motor
  system.

What are the tectospinal, reticulospinal,
vestibulospinal, and ventral (anterior)
corticospinal tracts?
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10
Ventromedial Motor System 300

• Upper motor neurons in the ventromedial motor
  system terminate here.

What are the ventromedial lower motor neuron
pools, bilaterally?
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11
Ventromedial Motor System 400

• This tract is located in the anterior column
  (funiculus) and consists of upper motor neurons
  originating in the ipsilateral primary motor
  cortex.

What is the ventral (anterior) corticospinal
tract?
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12
Ventromedial Motor System 500

• This pathway originates in the brainstem,
  descends in the lateral column (funiculus) and is
  concerned with the control of posture
  (particularly extensor muscles) as well as the
  coordination of head and eye movement.

What is the lateral vestibulospinal tract?
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13
Motor Neurons 100

• They convey movement commands from motor control
  centers in the cortex and brainstem to lower
  motor centers located at segmental levels of the
  neuraxis.

What are upper motor neurons ?
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14
Motor Neurons 200

• They are located in the peripheral nervous system
  and convey movement commands from cranial nerve
  nuclei or the ventral horn of the spinal cord to
  skeletal muscle in the head and body,
  respectively.

What are lower motor neurons ?
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15
Motor Neurons 300

• They are located in the peripheral nervous system
  and convey movement commands from cranial nerve
  nuclei or the ventral horn of the spinal cord to
  extrafusal muscle fibers in the head and body,
  respectively.

What are alpha lower motor neurons?
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16
Motor Neurons 400

• They are located in the peripheral nervous system
  and convey movement commands from segmental motor
  control centers to intra- and extrafusal muscles
  fibers, simultaneously.
• They couple the alpha and gamma motor systems
• They are more common in reptiles than mammals.

What are beta lower motor neurons?
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17
Motor Neurons 500

• They increase the sensitivity of intrafusal
  muscles fibers to the phasic portion of a change
  in muscle length.

What are dynamic gamma motor neurons?
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18
Miscellaneous 100

• This physiological mapping of the cortex depicts
  a distorted representation of the body.
• Body parts are portrayed proportional to the
  amount of brain space dedicated to the control of
  movement of that body part.

What is the motor homunculus?
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19
Miscellaneous200

• This spinal pathway originates in the
  contralateral cerebral cortex and is concerned
  with the control of manipulation and fractionated
  movement of distal limb segments (particularly
  the hand).

What is the lateral corticospinal tract?
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20
Miscellaneous300

• This pathology causes brain damage that produces
  limitations in the ability to move due to paresis
  and spasticity.
• The movement deficits caused by this pathology
  appear on the side of the body opposite the brain
  damage.

What is a stroke or cerebrovascular accident?
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21
Miscellaneous400

• The type of hand movement controlled by the
  corticospinal tract.
• Independent control of individual digits
  including terminal opposition of the thumb and
  individual digits.

What is the fractionated movement?
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22
Miscellaneous500

• This system auto-regulates (reflexively) joint
  position.
• This system provides feedback about the alpha
  motor system (muscle tension and muscle length).

What is the gamma motor system?
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23
Motor Control Centers 100

• Located in the precentral gyrus.
• Somatotopically organized.
• Controls learned, willed, skilled movements of
  the contralateral body.

What is the primary motor cortex?
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24
Motor Control Centers 200

• Located in the cortex of the frontal lobe.
• Responsible for controlling voluntary eye
  movement.

What is the frontal eye field?
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25
Motor Control Centers 300

• Located in the cortex of the frontal lobe,
  usually in the left hemisphere.
• Responsible for speech production.
• Lesions here cause non-fluent (productive)
  aphasia.

What is Brochas area?
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26
Motor Control Centers 400

• Located at the base of the telencephalon in both
  hemispheres.
• Responsible for controlling initiation,
  termination, and scaling of internally generated
  movements.
• Lesions here cause Parkinson's disease.

What are the basal ganglia?
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27
Motor Control Centers 500

• Located on the dorsal surface of the brainstem.
• Responsible for the timing and coordination of
  complex movements and detecting movement errors.

What is the cerebellum?
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