States of Matter

1
States of Matter
2
3-1 Solids, liquids and gases

• Materials can be classified as ________,
  ________, or_______based on whether their shapes
  and volumes are definite or variable

3
Solids

• _______ is the state of matter in which materials
  have a definite_____ and a definite _______
• ________ the shape and volume will not change (
  ex a pencil)
• Particles in a solid are packed _________together.

4
Liquids

• ___________ is the state of matter in which a
  material has a definite volume but _______ a
  definite shape
• Ex juices in different shaped bottles
• Particles are_______ together but have a little
  room to move

5
Gases

• _______ is the state of matter in which material
  has _______ a definite shape______ a definite
  volume
• Gas takes the shape and volume of its________

6
Kinetic Theory

• ________ energy is the energy an object has due
  to its motion
• The _______ an object moves, the greater the
  kinetic energy
• The kinetic theory of matter says that all
  particles of matter are in ___________motion

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Explaining the Behavior of Gases

• The particles in a _____ are never at rest.
• There are ______ of_________ among the particles
  in all matter
• Particles in a gas are moving fast and the
  attractions are too______ to have an effect

8
Kinetic Theory of Gases

• The constant motion of particles in a gas allows
  a gas to _______ a container of any shape or size
• Ex _______in a _____

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Three Key Points to Kinetic Theory of gases

1. Particles in a gas are in_________,_______
   ________
2. The motion of one particle is unaffected by the
   motion of other particles unless the particles
   __________
3. ________ of attraction among particles in a gas
   can be ignored under ordinary conditions

10
Explaining the Behavior of Liquids

• A ______ takes the shape of its container because
  particles in a liquid can flow to______
  locations.
• The _______ of a liquid is constant because
  forces of attraction keep the particles close
  together.
• _________ in a liquid are more closely packed
  than gases

11
Explaining the Behavior of Solids

• _________ have a definite volume and shape
  because particles in a solid vibrate around
  ______ locations
• __________ is a repetitive back and forth motion
• _________ attractions among atoms restrict their
  motion.

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Teacher Demo

• Which container has the largest volume of water?

13
Beaker Breaker Partner Activity

1. Explain how the behavior of popcorn in a popcorn
   popper can be used as an analogy for the motion
   of gas particles

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Beaker Breaker Activity

• A hazardous chemical is leaking from a tank
  truck. Rescue workers need to evacuate people who
  live near the accident. Why are more people
  likely to be affected if the chemical is a gas,
  rather than a liquid?

15
Beaker Breaker

1. Explain why a solid has a definite shape and
   volume
2. How is a gas able to fill a container of any size
   or shape?

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3-2 The Gas Laws

• ___________is the result of the force distributed
  over an area.
• Ex A puck hitting glass
• ____________ between particles of a gas and the
  walls of the container cause the pressure in a
  closed container of gas.
• The more frequent the collisions, the _________
  the pressure of the gas.

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Factors that Affect Gas Pressure

• Factors that affect the pressure of an enclosed
  gas are its
• __________
• __________
• ___________

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Temperature

• Raising the temperature of a gas will increase
  its pressure if the volume of the gas and the
  number of particles are constant
• _______ and__________ increase
• _____________and_____________ are constant
• Ex. Tires after driving

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Volume

• Reducing the__________ of a gas increases its
  _________ if the temperature of the gas and the
  number of particles are ________
• ________decrease/_________ increase
• Temp and number of particles are ________

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Number of Particles

• Increasing the_______________will increase the
  pressure of a gas if the temperature and volume
  are constant
• Increase ___________/increase_______
• _________and_________ are constant
• Ex Tire will burst

21
Charless law

• States that the volume of a gas is____________
  proportional to its temperature in Kelvins if the
  pressure and the number of particles is of the
  gas are constant.
• V1 V2
• T1 T2

22
Boyles Law

• Boyles law states that the volume of a gas
  is____________proportional to its pressure if the
  temperature and the number of particles are
  constant
• P1V1 P2V2

23
Combined Gas Law

• The relationship described by_______ Law
  and_________ Law can be described by a single law
  called the combined gas law.
• P1V1 P2V2
• T1 T2

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Math Problems Practice

• Page 80 number 1, 2 and 3

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Beaker Breaker

• 2 liters of hydrogen gas are stored at a pressure
  of 100kPa. If the temperature does not change,
  what will the volume of the gas be when the
  pressure is decreased to 25kPa?
• Show your work by using the gas laws we learned
  yesterday

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Beaker Breaker

1. Name two of the common phase changes.
2. The temperature of a substance does _______change
   during a phase change

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3-3 Phase Changes

• A _____________ is the reversible physical change
  that occurs when a substance changes from_______
  state of matter to_______

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6 common phase changes

1. _________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
5. _________
6. _________

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Temperature and Phase changes

• The temperature of a substance does _______change
  during a phase change

30
Energy and Phase Changes

• Energy is either_______ or ________ during a
  phase change
• During an _______________, the system absorbs
  energy from its surroundings.
• ______________is the energy a substance must
  absorb in order to change from a _________to a
  ________
• During an ______________, the system releases
  energy to its surroundings

31
Melting and Freezing

• The arrangement of molecules in water
  becomes_______ orderly as water melts and _______
  orderly as water freezes
• _________ is completed when all the molecules
  have enough energy to move.
• _________ is completed when all the molecules
  have been drawn into an orderly arrangement.

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Vaporization and Condensation

• The______________ in which a substance change
  from a _____ to a_______ is vaporization
• The__________________is the energy a substance
  must absorb in order to change from a liquid to a
  gas.

33
Evaporation

• __________ takes place at the surface of a liquid
  and occurs at temperatures below the boiling
  point
• __________ is the pressure caused by the
  collisions of this vapor and the walls of the
  container.
• When the vapor pressure becomes equal to the
  atmospheric pressure, water _______

34
Condensation

• ___________ is the phase change in which a
  substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid
• Ex dew on grass

35
Sublimation and Deposition

• ______________ is the phase change in which the
  substance changes from a solid to a gas
• Ex Dry Ice
• When a gas or vapor changes________ into a solid
  without first changing to a liquid is
  called____________
• Ex _________ on windows