States of Matter

1
States of Matter

• Chapter 3 Section 1

2

• What is Matter?
• States of Matter
• The motion of the particles and the strength of
  attraction between the particles determine a
  materials state of matter (by whether or not
  they hold their volume and shape).
• 4 states of matter solid, liquid, gas, plasma
• Solids
• A solid is matter that has a definite volume and
  a definite shape.
• Ex pen has cylindrical shape and volume does
  not change with location
• Particles in Motion
• The particles in a solid are packed tightly
  together and stay in fixed positions.
• The particles vibrate within the solid.

3

• Liquids
• A liquid has a definite volume but no definite
  shape.
• Ex milk, water, oil
• Liquids do not easily compress or expand.
• Free To Move
• The particles in a liquid have enough energy to
  move out of their fixed positions, but not enough
  to move far apart.
• Viscosity
• Some liquids flow more easily than others. The
  resistance of a liquid to flowing is viscosity.
• High viscosity flow slowly Ex honey
• Low viscosity flow quickly Ex water
• Viscosity generally increases as liquids get
  colder.
• http//my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual
  _concepts/75479.htm

4

• Surface Tension
• Attractive forces cause the particles of a liquid
  to pull themselves together and resist being
  pushed apart.
• The uneven forces acting on the particles on the
  surface of a liquid are called surface tension.
• http//my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual
  _concepts/75217.htm
• Gases
• A gas has no definite volume or definite
  shape. Ex air, helium, oxygen
• Gas particles move at high speeds in all
  directions and spread apart, filling all the
  space available to them.
• A gas can expand or be compressed.
• Vapor
• Matter that exists in the gas state, but is
  usually a liquid, is called vapor. Ex water

5

• Plasma
• A plasma is energized gas.
• Ex lightning
• http//www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry
  /statesofmatter/