Timor-Leste

1
Timor-Leste

• AME Education
• Sector Profile

2
Education Structure
Timor-Leste
Education System Structure and Enrollments 2006
Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics, World
Bank EdStats
3
Timor-Leste
Education Structure

• Almost 30 of children enrolled in primary
  education are over-age for their grade of
  attendance.

      Net Enrollments Gross Enrollments
Classification Level/Grade Ages 2006 2005
Pre-primary Pre-school 4-5 N/A 10
Pre-university Primary, grades 1-6 6-11 63 91
Pre-university Lower Secondary, grades 7-9 12-14 35.0 68
Pre-university Upper Secondary, grades 10-12 15-17 23.0 37
Pre-university TVET Secondary, grades 10-12 15-17 N/A 4
Tertiary Post secondary study 18-22 N/A 10
Primary gross enrollment data from 2007. Tertiary data from 2002.. Primary gross enrollment data from 2007. Tertiary data from 2002.. Primary gross enrollment data from 2007. Tertiary data from 2002.. Primary gross enrollment data from 2007. Tertiary data from 2002.. Primary gross enrollment data from 2007. Tertiary data from 2002..
Source UNESCO UIS, World Bank EdStats
4
Population Structure
Timor-Leste

• 74 of the population of Timor-Leste is under 25
  years old.
• With country fertility rate of 3 yearly, the
  youthful proportion of the population will
  continue to pressure the education system for
  another decade or more.

Source T-L Living Standard Survey 2001, CIA
Factbook, UNESCO 2008
5
Timor-Leste
Education Policy

• Relevant Policies
• 1. National Development Plan 2002
• 2. Strategic Plan for Universal Primary
  Completion by 2015, 2005
• 3. Education and Training Priorities and
  Proposed Sector Investment Program 2005
• 4. EFA Fast Track Initiative Award, 8.2 million,
  2006-2008 www.educationfasttrack.org
• Policies are available at
• http//planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/format_liste1_en
  .php?Chp2Tajikistan

6
Timor-Leste
Education Access Pre-university

• All levels of education are increasing
  enrollments.
• Secondary level is increasing at a faster rate,
  18.7, than primary level at 11.3.

Source UNESCO UIS, World Bank EdStats
7
Education Access Tertiary
Timor-Leste

• Tertiary enrollment information for Timor-Leste
  is very limited.
• The single public university, the National
  University of East Timor, re-opened in 2000 and
  continues to receive heavy donor support.
• A single data entry for tertiary education is
  available 6,349 individuals were enrolled
  at the public university in 2002.
• 18 private institutions offer tertiary education
  of varying degrees of quality due to a lack of
  regulatory mechanisms in place.

Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics,
Google.com
8
Education Access Gender
Timor-Leste

• Girls and boys enrollments appear to be
  dropping at nearly an equal rate.
• Gender parity at this level is .96.

Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics. World
Bank EdStats
9
Education Access Gender
Timor-Leste

• Females and males have made similar enrollment
  gains at lower secondary since 2000 (16.7 and
  17.3 respectively).
• Females at upper secondary do not enroll in large
  numbers.

Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics
10
Education Quality Teachers
Timor-Leste

• The majority of teachers (66) have upper
  secondary or post-secondary technical-vocational
  education.
• The majority of teacher training is offered by
  small private universities and NGOs and is of
  sometimes dubious quality.

Source T-L Primary School Achievement Study
2003, UNESCO (2008)
11
Education Quality Completion
Timor-Leste

• Primary completion information is reported for
  one year 2007.
• Less than 50 of primary children complete grade
  6.
• Girls and boys complete primary education in
  equal numbers.

Source World Bank EdStats
12
Education Quality Testing
Timor-Leste

• Timor-Leste has not participated in TIMSS.
• In 2003, the Ministry of Education, Culture,
  Youth and Sports conducted a Primary School
  Achievement Survey for math with 3rd and 4th
  graders.
• Third graders answered 28 and 4th graders
  answered 37 of questions correctly suggesting
  that children are not learning grade-appropriate
  knowledge in math.

Source World Bank (2004) Education Since
Independence
13
Timor-Leste

• Education Equity Gender/ Geographic Disparities

• Almost 85 of out-of-school children are from
  rural areas which also contain the largest
  proportion of children in the country.

Dili/ Baucau Other Urban Rural Center Rural East Rural West
of school age population 12.5 9.9 39.8 18.8 18.9
of out-of-school children 8.0 7.4 45.9 20.6 18.1
Source T-L Living Standard Survey 2001
14
Education Equity Income Disparities
Timor-Leste

• The largest proportion of out-of-school children
  are the poorest and youngest.
• 32 of the poorest and 26 of the richest
  out-of-school children, aged 7-12, say they have
  no interest to be in school.

Source T-L Living Standard Survey 2001
15
Education Equity Academic Disparities
Timor-Leste

• Timor-Leste does not focus extensively on
  technical and vocational training programs at the
  secondary level.

  2004 2005
General academic programs 95.5 96.3
Technical/vocational programs 4.5 3.7
Total Students 73005 74822
Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics
16
Education Efficiency Expenditure
Timor-Leste

• Timor-Leste is the biggest spender in the region
  on education as a percentage of GDP and public
  money.

Source World Bank Education at a Glance
17
Education Efficiency Expenditure
Timor-Leste

• The education budget in Timor-Leste is almost
  equally divided among levels.

Source World Bank EdStats
18
Education Efficiency Repetition
Timor-Leste

• Repetition is a serious problem despite the high
  rates of funding the country allocates to
  education.

Source World Bank 2008
19
Education Efficiency Repetition
Timor-Leste

• Between 20-25 of primary students repeat
  grades.

Source World Bank 2008
20
Education Efficiency Private Tutoring
Timor-Leste

• No information about private tutoring is
  available.
• Volunteer teachers in the system however, remain
  an issue at all levels. Volunteers are paid by
  parents and school-raised funds and are often of
  poor academic quality.
• One in three teachers at the senior secondary
  level is a volunteer as the government has
  difficulty recruiting qualified candidates for
  secondary education posts.

Source World Bank (2004)
21
Education Conclusion
Timor-Leste
Successes
Access Increasing enrollments at all pre-university levels.
Quality
Equity Gender parity at primary.
Efficiency High level of education funding and well-divided between levels.
Challenges
Access Declining primary enrollments and low completion rates. Low tertiary capacity.
Quality Poor teacher academic qualifications. High rates of repetition and drop-out all levels.
Equity Low primary access rate for low income and rural groups. Low female access rate at upper secondary.
Efficiency A system of volunteer teachers all levels especially upper secondary.