World War I - Introduction

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World War I - Introduction

• What do you already know?

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MAIN Causes of WWI

• Militarism growth of militaries
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism pride in your country

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Militarism

• The build up of armies, navies and weaponry
• Imperialist nations had sparked an arms race to
  defend their holdings and possibly gain or regain
  territory.

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Alliances

• a formal agreement or treaty 
  between two or more nations to cooperate for speci
  fic purposes.
• Created to protect national security and provide
  aide in the event of an attack.

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Imperialism

• Dividing up areas of the world among the more
  powerful countries
• European powers competed with each other for raw
  materials and colonies

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Nationalism

• Loyalty to ones country/excessive patriotism
• Own nations interests are viewed as superior to
  those of other nations.

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Nationalism

• Nations who wanted back land that had natives
  living there (France and Russia)
• Areas that wanted to gain national independence
  from countries that had engulfed their culture
  (Czechs and Poles)

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Imperialism
This map shows Africa in 1914 and shows how much
land the major nations had taken over.
BRITAIN
FRANCE
GERMANY
ITALY
BELGIUM
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Nationalism
Ethnic Map of Europe in 1914
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Europe is a Powder Keg!

• One spark would start a war!

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• The assassination of the Archduke Francis
  Ferdinand.

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Assassination of Archduke

• Archduke Francis Ferdinand - heir to the
  Austria-Hungary throne

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The Black Hand

• Serbian terrorist organization
• Sent a small group of teenage operatives to
  assassinate the Archduke!

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June 28th, 1914
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Sarajevo June 28th 1914
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The Wrong Turn!
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Assassination of Archduke

• Traveling w/ wife Sophie in Sarajevo
• Sarajevo capital of Bosnia (providence in AH)
• Both were shot by a 19 yr old Bosnian Nationalist

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Gavrilo Princip
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Alliances

• Triple Entente ? Allies

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Allies

• Nikola Pasic
• Serbia

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Allies

• Czar Nicholas II
• Russia

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Allies

• Georges Clemenceau
• France

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Allies

• King George V
• England

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Allies

• Vittorio Orlando
• Italy

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Allies

• King Albert I
• Belgium

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Allies

• Woodrow Wilson
• United States

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Alliances

• Triple Alliance ? Central Powers

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Central Powers

• Emperor Franz Josef
• Austria-Hungary

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Central Powers

• Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Germany

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Central Powers

• Sultan Mehmed V
• Ottoman Empire

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Central Powers

• Tsar Ferdinand
• Bulgaria

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The start of WWIlegos
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World War I

• Everyone thought war would end in a week
• Instead had a stalemate neither side could gain
  an advantage

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Reason for the Stalemate

• New Weapon Technology
• Trench Warfare

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Weapons and Tactics of World War I

• Bolt-Action Rifle
• Machine Gun
• Artillery
• Poisonous Gas
• Zeppelin
• Tanks
• Planes
• U-Boats

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Bolt-Action Rifle

• Bolt-action rifles could fire up to 15 rounds per
  minute.

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Machine Gun

• A machine gun could fire up to 400 rounds per
  minute.
• A machine gun had the fire power of approx. 100
  rifles.

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Artillery

• Artillery refers to large-caliber, mounted field
  guns.

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Artillery Shells

• Artillery could fire shells distances of up to
  approx. 12,000 yards.
• Artillery shells could weigh up to 900 lbs.
• It could take up to 12 men to handle an artillery
  gun and load the shells.

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Poisonous Gases

• Cause choking, blistering, vomiting, internal
  external bleeding, blinding, a burning of lung
  tissue, death.
• Gases lobbed into enemy trenches

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Poisonous Gases

• Gases were often colorless odorless, Could take
  up to 12 hours to take effect.
• Gas masks were eventually created

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Zeppelins

• Zeppelins or blimps were airships filled with
  hydrogen to keep them afloat.

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Zeppelins
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Tanks

• Armored vehicles that traveled on tracks
• Used to cross over tough terrain, But unable to
  cross trenches.
• Protected advancing troops across no-mans
  land.

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Tanks
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Planes

• One- or two-seat propeller planes equipped with a
  machine gun.
• Pilots engaged in dogfights in the air

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Red Baron

• Manfred von Richthofen German pilot with 80
  victories

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Red Baron ???
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U-Boats

• Underwater ships that capable of launching
  torpedoes, or guided underwater bombs.

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Flamethrower

• Gas canister strapped to back of soldier
• Sprayed burning fuel on it victims

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Trench Warfare
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• Trenches were elongated pits dug 6-8 ft. into the
  earth, and stretching out over hundreds of miles.
• Trenches were only wide enough to allow two men
  to pass side-by-side.

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Trench Warfare - Diagram
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• Barbed-wire was lined up in front of a trench to
  protect the men from attack.

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The entrance to a dugout
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Trench Warfare Dugout
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Trench Warfare

• Three interlocking trench lines would be used a
  front line for attack and defense, a middle line
  of defense, and a rear line of reserves.

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• The distance between opposing trenches was called
  no-mans land. This distance could be as short
  as 30 meters, or as wide as 1 mile.

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Trench Warfare

• On command, soldiers from a trench would charge
  across no-mans land and attempt to overrun the
  opponents trench.

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A periscope would have been used to see the
enemy, without putting a soldier in the direct
line of fire.
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Retrieving a dead soldier from no-mans
land

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Trench Warfare

• Weapons on the front included
• Soldiers would commonly use rifles, bayonets,
  spades, clubs, shotguns, helmets, and grenades
• Armies would use larger items such as machine
  guns, mortars, artillery, gas, barbed-wire,
  aircraft, and mines

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Christmas Truce

• 1914 German British Troops
• 1915 German French Troops
• Met in No Mans Land
• Had a party played soccer

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• Christmas Truce
• Memorial in
• Belgium

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