20th Century Architecture

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20th Century Architecture

• Part II

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Dictum of Modern Architecture

• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
• Less is more.

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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, New
York, 1954-58
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Robert Venturi

• Less is a bore. (1966)
• (Fiero 978)

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Charles Jencks

• Postmodern architecture is characterized by a
  "double coding" two or more styles which
  co-exist in contradiction and/or self-mockery.
• http//architecture.about.com/library/bl-postmoder
  n.htm

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Postmodern architecture

• Sense of "anything goes" Forms filled with
  humor, irony, ambiguity, contradiction
• Juxtaposition of styles Blend of traditional,
  contemporary, and newly-invented forms
• Exaggerated or abstract traditional detailing
• http//architecture.about.com/library/bl-postmoder
  n.htm

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Postmodern Features

• Clash of scalesPostmodern architecture often
  includes elements that are clearly out of scale
  with the rest of the building.This is most
  obvious where the building borrows from other
  styles. The mixing of large and small classical
  orders, the distortion and exaggeration of
  motifs, can make a building seem dramatic and
  grand.Architects also played with scale to
  introduce surprise and a sense of fun.
• http//www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/architect
  ure/style_level3.php?id256parent260area0

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Les Espaces dAbraxas, France, 1979-82
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Postmodern features

• Thin façadesSome Postmodern buildings have thin
  fronts that are clearly distinct from the rest of
  the building.In some cases the thinness is
  exaggerated as a visual joke. For example, the
  facade may dissolve into the windows at the side
  of the building. On other buildings, the
  façades are treated as little more than
  billboards or stage backdrops. This allowed
  architects greater freedom of expression in the
  design of the building front.
• http//www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/architect
  ure/style_level4.php?id256parent260object213
  area0ext.swf

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China Wharf, London, 1986-88
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Postmodern Features

• Classical referencesPostmodern buildings often
  used elements of classical architecture. In
  most cases the use is decorative not structural.
  Nor is it 'correct'. Postmodern architects did
  not follow the strict principles of the classical
  style. For example, they deliberately combined
  and exaggerated columns, arches and rough
  masonry. They took elements from Greek temples
  and applied them to buildings that had entirely
  modern functions.The effect is often quirky and
  playful.
• http//www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/architect
  ure/style_level4.php?id256parent260object214
  area0ext.swf

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Kengo Kuma, M2 Tokyo, 1991
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Kengo Kuma, M2 Tokyo, 1991
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Kengo Kuma, Doric Tokyo, 1991
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• A precursor?

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Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Royal Saltworks,
1774-79 Gatehouse with entrance portico
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Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Royal Saltworks,
1774-79 Directors House
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Robert Venturi

• In favor of messy vitality in architecture
• Believed in aesthetic ambiguity and visual
  tension
• Postmodern vision both-and rather than
  either-or

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• A conventional building

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Venturi, Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, 1962
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Venturi, Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, 1962
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Venturi, Gordon Wu Hall, Butler College,
Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ1980
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• Michael Graves

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Public Services Building, Portland, Oregon,
1980-82
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Michael Graves Humana Building (Louisville)1986
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The Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University
in Atlanta, Georgia
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Disney Center
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MICHAEL GRAVES, Walt Disney World, Swan Hotel,
Florida, 1987
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MICHAEL GRAVES, Walt Disney World, Swan Hotel,
Florida, 1987
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MICHAEL GRAVES,Walt Disney World-Dolphin Hotel
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MICHAEL GRAVES,Walt Disney World-Dolphin Hotel
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• Philip Johnson

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P. Johnson J Burgee ATT Building,  NYC,
1979-84
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Philip Johnson and John Burgee PPG Place,
Pittsburgh, PA 1979-84
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Philip Johnson and John Burgee PPG Place,
Pittsburgh, PA 1979-84
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P. Johnson J Burgee International Place,
Boston, 1985
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• Charles Moore

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Charles Moore, Piazza dItalia, New Orleans, USA,
1976-79
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Charles Moore, Piazza dItalia, New Orleans, USA,
1976-79
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• Frank Gehry

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Gehry, Vitra Design Museum, Weil-am-Rhein,
Germany, 1987 to 1989
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Gehry, Vitra Design Museum, Weil-am-Rhein,
Germany, 1987 to 1989
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Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao,
Spain, 1997
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Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, at Bilbao, Spain, 1997
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Gehry, Experience Music Project, at Seattle,
Washington, 1999 to 2000
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Frank Gehry, Experience Music Project, Seattle,
Washington, 1999 to 2000
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• I. M. Pei

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• Las Vegas

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High-tech

• Exposed structure
• Glass
• Tension structures
• http//www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/architect
  ure/style_level3.php?id255parent260area0

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High-tech

• Pompidou Center,
• Paris, 1971-77

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• The End