Title: Ch 33 Early 20th Century art
1Ch 33 Early 20th Century art
- The Development of Modernist Art
220th Century
- Developments continue in science, economics,
politics, technology - These new discoveries were explored in the art
- Most artists display radical rejection rejection
of traditional limitations definitions of art - Most artists deeply affected by upheaval of 20th
cent - Expressionism refers to art that is the result
of the artists unique inner or personal vision
that has some emotional quality
3Henri Matisse, Woman with the hat , 1905, oil on
canvas, 2 7 x 1 11 Fig 33-1
4Henri Matisse, Red Room (Harmony in red)
1908-1909, oil on canvas, 5 11 x 8 1 Fig 33-2
5Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Street, Dresden, 1908, oil
on canvas, 4 11 x 6 6 Fig 33-4
6Vassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28 (second
version)1912, oil on canvas, 3 7 x 5 3 Fig
33-6
7Franz Marc, Fate of the Animals, 1913, oil on
canvas, 6 4 x 8 9 Fig 33-7
8Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein, 1906-1907, oil on
canvas, 3 3 x 2 8
9Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles dAvignon,
June-July 1907, oil on canvas, 8 x 7 8 Fig
33-9
10Cubism!
- Cubism a radical turning point in the history of
art, dismissal of the pictorial illusionism that
had dominated western art - Cubists replaced natural depictions with
compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from
the perceived world - Matisse described some of Braques work to a
critic avec des petits cubes (with little
cubes) - Analytic Cubism first phase of cubism
dissection of a form into shapes
11Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911, oil on
canvas, 3 10 x 2 8 Fig 33-10
12Georges Braque, bottle, newspaper, pipe and
glass, 1913, charcoal various papers pasted on
paper, fig 33-13
13Aleksandr Archipenko, Woman Combing her hair,
1915, bronze, 1 1 tall, FIG 33-16
14Julio Gonzalez, Woman Combing her hair,
1930-1933, iron, 4 9 Fig 33-17
15Ferdinand Leger, The City, 1919, oil on canvas,
7 7 x 9 9 Fig 33-18
16Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a dog on a leash,
1912, oil on canvas, 2 11 x 3 7 Fig 33-19
17Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity of
Space, 1913, bronze, 3 7 x 2 3 Fig 33-20
18DADA (say what?)
- WWI brought about untold horrors
- Many artists joined group called Dada- began in
reaction to war massacres - Dada emerged all over the world
- Element of absurdity hence the name!
- Cynicism and pessimism inspired Dada but
undercurrent of whimsy humor - Worked with element of chance (Jean Hans Arp)
19Marcel Duchamp, Fountain (second version) 1950
(original version produced in 1917) ready-made
glazed sanitary china with black paint, 1 high
Fig 33-23
20Kurt Schwitters, Merz 19, 1920, paper collage,
7x5 Fig 33-26
21The armory show-1913 Nyc, Ny
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No.
2, 1912, oil on canvas, 4 10 x 2 11 Fig 33-29
- Major ways to show the American public the
European art was through the Armory show - Critics wanted to shut down to the show calling
it a menace to public morality - The show traveled to Chicago Boston after NYC
22Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907 (print
1915), photogravure (on tissue), 1 x 10 Fig
33-30
23Edward Weston, Nude, 1925, platinum print, Fig
33-31
24Man Ray, Cadeau (Gift) ca 1958, (replica of 1921
original) painted flat iron with row of 13
tacks, 6 high x 3wide x 4 deep Fig 33-32
25Georgia OKeefe, New York, Night, 1929, oil on
canvas, 3 4 x 1 7 Fig 33-37
26Georgia OKeefe, Jack in the Pulpit No. 4, 1930,
oil on canvas, 3 4 x 2 6 Intro 4
27Kathe Kollwitz, woman with dead child, 1903,
etching soft ground etching, 1 4 x 1 7 Fig
33-41
28Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Seated Youth, 1917, composite
tinted plaster, Fig 33-42
29Giorgio De Chirico, Melancholy and Mystery of a
Street, 1914, oil on canvas, 2 10 x 2 4 Fig
33-44
30Max Ernst, The children are threatened by a
Nightingale, 1924, oil on wood with wood
construction, 2 3 x 1 10 4 deep, Fig 33-45
31Salvador Dali, The persistence of Memory, 1931,
oil on canvas, 9 x 1 Fig 33-46
32Rene Magritte, The treachery (or perfidy) of
Images, 1928-1929, oil on canvas, 1 11 x 3 1
Fig 33-47
33Meret Oppenheim, object (le dejeuner en fourrure)
1936, fur covered cup, 4 Diameter, 9 saucer, 8
spoon, Fig 33-48
34Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas, 1939, oil on canvas,
57 x 5 7 Fig 33-49
35Joan Miro, Painting, 1933, oil on canvas, 5 8 x
6 5 Fig 33-50
36Paul Klee, Twittering Machine, 1922, watercolor
Pen and ink, on oil transfer drawings on paper,
mounted on cardboard, 2 1 x 17 Fig 33-51
37Kazimir Malevich, Supremacist Composition
Airplane flying, 1915, oil on canvas, 1 10 x 1
7 Fig 33-52
38Piet Mondrian, Composition with red, blue and
yellow, 1930, oil on canvas, 18 x 18 Fig 33-53
39Gerrit Thomas Rietveld, Schroder House, Utrecht,
the Netherlands, 1924, Fig 33-56
40(No Transcript)
41Bauhaus
- Walter Gropius developed a new vision of
architecture total architecture - At Bauhaus Gropius trained artists, architects
and designers to anticipate 20th cent needs - 1) Importance of strong basic design
craftsmanship - 2) Unity of art, architecture and design
- 3) Thorough knowledge of machine-age technologies
materials - Marriage between art and industry
- The influence of Bauhaus was monumental
42Josef Albers, Homage to the Square Ascending,
1953, oil on composition Board, 3 7 x 3 7 Fig
33-58
43Walter Gropius, Shop Block, the Bauhaus, Dessau,
Germany, 1925-1926, Fig 33-59
- Bauhaus moved north to Dessau
- Nazis tore down this building
- It was rebuilt
- The structure is made of concrete set back so
that glass can cover the wall allowing light in - Design follows simplicity outlined by Gropius
- The interior space is open and airy and allows
the intermingling of artists to share ideas
44Marcel Breuer, tubular chair, 1925, Fig 33-60
45Nazi influence
- Nazis closed down the Bauhaus
- Infamous Entartete Kunst Degenerate Art
exhibition Hitler assembled in 1937 - 16,000 works of art confiscated and shown
- The show contained books, prints, sculptures and
paintings - 20,000 people a day visited, 2 million people
- Hitlers insistence on suppressing discrediting
this art dramatically demonstrates arts power to
affect viewers
Work hung askew by Kandinsky, Klee and Schwitters
46Cantilever
- A cantilever is a beam that is supported at only
one end and carries a load at the other end. - Cantilevers are often used in architecture, as
they allow for overhanging structures that do not
need to be supported from the outside. - Because only one end of the beam is supported, a
cantilever is typically subjected to a great deal
of stress - Sometimes, cantilevers are used in the
construction of bridges
3 Types of Cantilevers
47Ludwig mies van der Rohe, model for a glass
skyscraper, berlin, germany, 1922 (no longer
exists), Fig 33-62
48Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine,
France, 1929, Fig 33-64
Domino House, Fig 33-63
49William van Alen, Chrysler Building, Ny, NYC,
1928-1930, Fig 33-65
50Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Il,
1907-1909, Fig 33-66
51Frank Lloyd Wright, Kaufmann House
(Fallingwater), Bear Run, Pennsylvania,
1936-1939, Fig 33-68
52Constantin brancusi, Bird in space, 1928, bronze,
4 6 x8 x6 Fig 33-69
53Barbara Hepworth, Oval Sculpture (No 2) 1943,
plaster cast, Fig 33-70
54Henry Moore, Reclining Figure, 1939, elm wood, 3
1 x 6 7 x 2 6 Fig 33-71
55Alexander Calder, untitled, 1976, aluminum
honeycomb, tubing and paint, 29 10 x 76 Fig
33-72
56Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937, oil on canvas, 11
5 x 25 5 Fig 33-73
57Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley,
1935, gelatin silver Print, Fig 33-75
58Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942, oil on canvas,
2 6 x 4 8 Fig 33-76
59Thomas Hart Benton, Pioneer Days Early
Settlers, State Capitol, Jefferson City, 1936,
mural, Fig 33-79
60Diego rivera, Ancient Mexico, history of Mexico
fresco murals, National palace, Mexico city,
1929-1935 Fig 33-81