Pages 412-418

1
Chapter 12

• Part 1
• Pages 412-418

2
Terms to know

• Nativism
• Anarchists
• Sacco and Vanzetti
• Quota System
• John L. Lewis
• Isolationism
• Communism

3
Post War Trends

• Americans were tired of war
• Disenchanted with the Treaty of Versailles
• Wanted Isolationism
• Senate did not ratify Treaty of Versailles
• The war ended for America by a joint resolution
  of congress

4
The Economy

• Had to convert to peace time production
• Returning soldiers booted women and Blacks out of
  factories
• Led to race riots and more racism in the North

5
Price controls of WWI ended

• Prices went way up very quickly
• Labor who had taken no-strike pledges during the
  war went on strike
• 1919 over 3,000 strikes
• Largest in the steel industry when 300,000 walked
  off of the job

6
Government was still influenced by Big Business

• Big Business, Government, Newspapers called the
  strikers
• Communists
• Anarchists
• Public opinion against the strikers
• Big fear of communism

7
The Red Scare

• Communism a political and economic system in
  which a government is run by a dictator.
• No Private Property
• Russia dropped out of WWI to fight its own
  revolution
• Ended up with a communist country

8
Marx and Engels

• The Communist Manifesto
• Big influence on the Russian Revolution
• Anarchists folks who were out to destroy
  existing governments and start again from scratch

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A. Mitchell Palmer

• As the U.S. attorney general
• Wanted to be president
• Tried to make himself out as the champion against
  communism in America
• Hired J.Edgar Hoover as his assistant
• Hoover was later the head of the FBI

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The Palmer Raids

• 1920-21 Palmer and Hoover went after communists,
  Socialists, Labor leaders, etc.
• Deported a number of people illegally to Russia
• Blacklisted others
• Civil rights were trampled

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Sacco and Vanzetti

• Italian immigrants were were accosed of robbery
  and murder of a paymaster in Braintree, Mass.
• Convicted on circumstantial evidence
• Judge Thayer called them, Anarchist bastards
  during the trial!
• Were quickly convicted an executed

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Immigration Patterns had changed

• 1880s-1890s
• Hundreds of thousands from Eastern and Southern
  Europe
• Wanted to escape poverty, oppression
• Did not assimilate well
• Catholic, lived in Little Italys, etc.

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Fear of Foreign Influence

• The rise of the second KKK
• Went after Blacks but also immigrants
• Tried to seem patriotic
• Claimed they were safeguarding American culture
  from foreign influence
• 5 million members in the early 1920s
• Even President Harding!
• 1927 a KKK scandal and disgrace

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Immigration Restriction

• Big Business feared communism more than they
  needed more cheap labor
• Put pressure on government to restrict
  immigration
• 1921 Emergency Quota Act Allowed only 3 of a
  nationality in that were already here in 1910

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But still too many

• The Immigration Act of 1924
• (AKA The National Origins Act)
• Allowed only 2 in according to the number
  already here in 1890
• No more Asians, Africans, Eastern Europeans. Due
  to quota System

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Immigration Act of 1924

• Did not apply to folks in the Western Hemisphere
• But still pretty racist
• Evidence of Nativism

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Back to labor

• Police strike in Boston
• The GovernorCalvin Coolidge fired them all
• Said, There is no right ot strike against the
  public safety anywhere, anytime, by anyone.

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John L. Lewis

• Represented striking mine workers
• Ignored a court order ordering them back to work
• The Mine workers did gain some s\concessions

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