The Enlightenment Spreads

1
The Enlightenment Spreads

• Chapter 6 Section 3
• Mr. Porter

2
Neoclassical Style

• Pulteney Bridge

• Changes in architecture and paintings.
• Baroque- which uses classical Greek and Roman
  structure of influence.
• As these changes occurred with this new artistic
  style it became known as neoclassical (new
  classical).

3
Paris in 1700s

• Cultural and Intellectual capital of Europe.
• The brightest minds would come to Paris.
• Wealthy women of Paris would hold social
  gatherings in salons were these intellects in
  art, science, writers and philosophers would
  discuss their ideas.

4
Salon
5
Salons Continued

• Marie-Therese Geoffrin leading hostesses of this
  period.
• She help finance Denis Diderot project of a group
  of books in which leading scholars of Europe
  would post articles and essays in it.
• Called it the Encyclopedia
• With the encyclopedia, the ideas of the
  enlightenment began to spread throughout Europe.
• These ideas angered the French Government and the
  Catholic Church.

6
Mozart Beethoven
7
Music Literature

• Three Austrian Compossers Franz Joseph Haydn,
  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven.
• New style of writing began to appear with
  fictional novels.
• Very popular with the middle class who enjoyed
  entertaining stories written in everyday
  language.
• Samuel Richardson novel Pamela is seen as the
  first true English novel.

8
Enlightenment Monarchy

• Many philosophes tried to convince monarchs to
  respect the peoples rights.
• Monarchs that took on the ideas of the
  Enlightenment were known as enlightened despots.
• Although these monarchs supported these ideas,
  they had no plans on giving up their rule.
• Three rulers that were the leaders of the
  enlightened despots.

9
Frederick the Great

• King of Prussia (1740-1786)
• Goal to strengthen the country
• Granted Religious Freedom
• Reduced Censorship
• Improved Education
• Reformed Justice System
• He called himself the first servant of the
  state

10
Joseph II

• Ruler of Austria (1780-1790)
• Introduced legal reforms
• Introduced freedom of the press
• Supported freedom of worship
• Abolished serfdom
• Peasants to be paid cash for their labor
• Nobles resisted this change

11
Catherine the Great

• Ruled Russia (1762-1796)
• She admired Voltaire
• Pushed for Religious freedom
• Abolish torture capital punishment
• Actually she did little for the peasants of
  Russia
• Russian peasants would revolt in 1773.

12
Catherine the Great

• After crushing the rebellion, she realized she
  needed nobles to support the throne.
• She made a focus to expand her empire
• Northern shore of the Black Sea
• Expanded into parts of Poland