Parts of a Sentence

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Parts of a Sentence

• Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects
  and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates

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I. Sentences and Fragments

• Subject Part of a sentence names whom or what the
  sentence is about.
• Predicate part of the sentence tells what the
  subject does or has. It can also describe what
  the subject is or is like
• Sentence Fragment does not express a complete
  thought.
• 1. Timmy ate the cake.

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II. Complete Subjects and Predicates

• The Simple Subject in the main of the most
  important word or group of words in the complete
  subject.
• The Simple Predicate is the main word or group of
  words in the complete predicate.
• SIMPLE The happy boy / ate his large birthday
  cake.
• The Complete Subject includes all the words in
  the subject of a sentence.
• The Complete Predicate includes all of the words
  in the predicate of a sentence.
• COMPLETE The happy boy / ate his large birthday
  cake.

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III. Compound Subjects and Predicates

1. A Compound Subject is two or more simple subjects
   that have the same predicate.
2. A Compound Predicate is two or more simple
   predicates, or verbs, that have the same subject.

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IV. Compound Subjects

• Timmy and Susie watched a movie together.
• The fish and the cat played tag.
• Both the soccer and football teams play tonight.
• Daring feats and thrilling chases are exciting.

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V. Compound Verbs

1. The hero conquered and captured the city.
2. Odysseus outsmarted and outmaneuvered his
   enemies.
3. Boo Radley scared and mystified Jem and Scout.

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VI. Compound Predicates

1. Faulkners stories engage the imagination and
   excite readers.
2. Tommy stopped the car and changed the tire.
3. Susie cut her hair and then bought a new dress.

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VII. Simple and Compound Sentences

1. A Simple Sentence has one subject and one
   predicate.
2. A Compound Sentence is a sentence that contains
   two or more simple sentences joined by a comma
   and a coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon.

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Parts of a Sentence

• Subjects in Unusual Positions

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I. Inverted Sentences

• When the subject(s) come after the verb or part
  of the verb phrase.
• Ex Down came the savage storm on the Spanish
  group.
• Ex Across the deck of the hopeless ship swept
  the sea.
• Behind the house stood the evil gnome.

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II. Here or There

• Here and there can begin a sentence, but are
  never subjects. The subject usually follows the
  verb in this case
• Ex Here is the massive anchor of the boat
• Ex. There lies a great ship, far beneath the
  ocean.
• There is the boy with the blue tongue.

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III. Questions

• In a question, the subject usually comes after
  the verb. Subjects can also be wedged/sandwiched
  in the middle of a verb phrase.
• Ex Was the cargo of the boat valuable?
• Ex Did the great ship survive the storm?
• Ex How often does Hines Ward block down field?

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Kinds of Sentences

• Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative,
  Exclamatory

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I. Kinds of Sentences

1. Declarative, Makes a statement
2. Interrogative, Asks a question
3. Exclamatory, expresses strong feeling
4. Imperative, gives a command or makes a request

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II. Declarative

• This kind of sentence expresses a statement of
  fact, wish, intent, or feeling. It always ends
  with a period.
• I am going to go fishing next week.
• Pittsburgh is a wonderful city.
• I want to see the Steelers win a seventh ring.

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III. Interrogative

• This kind of sentence asks a question and ends
  with a question mark.
• Are you going to go fishing with me?
• Which attraction is the most popular?
• Will the Browns actually win a game this year?

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IV. Exclamatory

• This kind of sentence expresses strong feeling
  and always ends with an exclamation point.
• I cant wait to take the final exam!
• Youve got to see Wild Bills Wax Museum!
• The Steelers destroyed the Browns!
• When an exclamatory sentence is preceded by
  another exclamation, either a period or an
  exclamation mark can be used at the end of the
  second sentence.
• Example Wow! The Brown players seem so horrible.

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V. Imperative

• This kind of sentence gives a command, request,
  or direction, and usually ends with a period. If
  the command or request is strong, it may end with
  an exclamation point.
• Sit down, be quiet, and take your notes.
• See for yourself! Read the guidebook.
• Get down on the ground and put your hands behind
  your head.

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VI. Why It Matters in Writing

• Using the four sentence types, you can vary the
  tone and mood of your writing. Read the four
  sentences below with expression. Notice how your
  tone of voice changes to convey the different
  meaning of each sentence.
• You have never visited the dog pound.
• You have never visited the dog pound?
• Never visit the dog pound.
• You would hate the dog pound!

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Subject Complements

• Predicate Adjectives and Predicate Nominatives

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I. Complements

• A complement (notice the spelling of the word) is
  any word or phrase that completes the meaning of
  a subject, an object, or a verb.
• Subject Complements
• Predicate Adjectives
• Predicate Nominatives
• Verb Complements (Objects of Verbs)
• Direct Objects
• Indirect Objects
• Objective Complements

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II. Subject Complements

• Subject complements follow a linking verb and
  either rename that subject or provide additional
  details about that subject.
• Susie was a dancer.
• Timmy is scared.

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III. Linking Verbs

• Linking verbs connect or link the subject with a
  noun, a pronoun, or an adjective in the
  predicate.
• Linking verbs express states of being or
  existence.
• Timmy is tired.
• Real Linking Verbs
• Be, am, is, was, were, has been, are being, might
  have been, become, seem
• Confused Linking Verbs
• Appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell,
  sound, taste, turn

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IV. Linking Verb Test

• To be sure if the word in question is a linking
  verb Substitute either the word is or are
  for that word, then read the sentence. If the
  sentence still makes senseyou have a linking
  verb.
• Timmy feels tired.
• Timmy is tired.
• The students look sick.
• The students are sick.

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V. Predicate Adjectives

• Predicate Adjectives follow a LINKING VERB and
  provide additional details about the subject of
  the sentence.
• The function of predicate adjectives is to
  modify, describe, explain, or limit the subject
  in some way.
• MUST follow a linking verb. No linking verb, then
  no predicate nominative.
• Some presidents pets have become famous.
• He certainly seems clever and playful.
• Tricksters have been popular in many folk tales
  through- out the world.

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VI. Predicate Adjectives Practice

• EXAMPLES Underline the subject once, the linking
  verb twice, and circle the predicate adjective.
• Some presidents pets looked strange at the White
  House.
• His behavior has always been outrageous.
• The garbage in the hall smells bad.
• People are interested in reality TV.
• Watching the Pittsburgh Penguins is enjoyable.
• Algebra is often confusing.

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VII. Identifying Predicate Adjectives

• STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING What three step process
  could you use to help find predicate Adjectives?
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________

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VIII. Predicate Nominatives

• A predicate nominative follows a linking verb and
  gives a new name for the subject.
• The function of predicate nominatives is to
  rename, identify, or further define the subject
  of the sentence.
• MUST follow a linking verb. No linking verb, then
  no predicate nominative.
• Agoraphobia is the fear of being in large open
  places.
• We have always been avid fans of ice hockey.
• One traitor and enemy to his country was Benedict
  Arnold.
• The roads in the mountains can be long dusty
  trails.

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IX. Predicate Nominatives Practice

• EXAMPLES Underline the subject once, the linking
  verb twice, and circle the predicate nominatives.
• Cartman has been a police deputy in Southpark.
• Mr. Hat is a puppet.
• The U.S. government was an enemy of imagination
  land.
• Chef is a cook at Southpark Elementary.
• Sidney Crosby is a phenomenal hockey player.
• Kenny is the boy that death likes to taunt.

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X. Identifying Predicate Nominatives

• STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING What three step process
  could you use to help find predicate nominatives?
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________

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Verb Complements

• Objects of Verbs Direct and Indirect Objects,
  Objective Complements

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I. Action Verbs

• Many action verbs require complements called
  direct and indirect objects to complete their
  meaning (for the sentence to make sense).
• Transitive verbs cannot complete their meaning
  without the help of a direct object.
• Cartman killed __________.
• Eric threw ___________.
• Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object,
  or to put it another way, they do not need an
  object to complete their meaning.
• Mr. Garrison snored
• Stan slept.

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I. Action Verbs continued

• Some verbs can be either transitive or
  intransitive depending on the context of the
  sentence.
• Chef won the prize.
• Chef won.

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II. Direct Objects

• A direct object is a word or group of words that
  tells who or what is receiving the action of the
  action verb.
• The function of a direct object is to explain who
  or what and action is done to.
• Peter threw the toaster at Stewie.
• Meg needed to find a date for the dance.
• Brian introduced the new neighbor to his friends.

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III. Direct Objects Practice

• EXAMPLES Underline the action verb once and the
  direct object twice.
• Peter made Louis a birthday card for their
  anniversary.
• Mr. Hat hates children.
• The U.S. government bombed Imagination Land.
• Cartman found the aliens.
• Kenny met his death that episode.
• Wendy sent Kyle a love note.

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IV. Identifying Direct Objects

• STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING What three steps
  process could you use to help find direct
  objects?
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________

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V. Indirect Objects

• An indirect object is a word or group of words
  that explains to what, to whom, or for whom an
  action is done.
• Indirect objects are located between the action
  verb and before the direct object. This is their
  home.
• The tour guide told him facts about the haunted
  house.
• I showed the space pirates the treasure map.
• Cartman sent Wendy a rabid ferret for Christmas.

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VI. Indirect Objects Practice

• EXAMPLES Underline the action verb once, the
  direct object twice, and circle the indirect
  object.
• Bart gave Lisa a spider for her birthday.
• Homer sent Mr. Burns a ransom note.
• Maggie gave the family a scare when she stole the
  car.
• Principal Skinner gave Bart a detention.
• Side Show Bob brought Bart a present.
• Several of the students made Principal Skinner a
  surprise.

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VII. Identifying Indirect Objects

• STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING What three steps
  process could you use to help find indirect
  objects
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________

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VIII. Objective Complement

• An objective complement is a word or group of
  words that follow or come after a direct object
  and renames or describes that direct object.
• Objective complements always come after the
  direct object. This is their home.
• The government declared Peter President of
  Petoria.
• Peter considered Brian the best candidate for
  Vice President.
• Everyone called the country a wasteland.