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Slavery in Colonial North America

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Slavery in Colonial North America History of European Slavery Practiced by Greek Democracies Accounted for a large portion of Roman wealth Middle Ages: house slaves ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Slavery in Colonial North America


1
Slavery in Colonial North America
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History of European Slavery
  • Practiced by Greek Democracies
  • Accounted for a large portion of Roman wealth
  • Middle Ages house slaves common in Mediterranean
    region
  • 15th century pope forbids enslaving Christians
  • Portuguese sought access to African slave trade
  • Used on sugar plantations on Mediterranean
    Islands

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African Societies
  • Kinship bonds
  • Polygyny
  • Lower birth rates
  • Women - higher social status than Europe
  • Shifting cultivation
  • Trading centers - Timbuktu
  • Slavery was practiced but differed from European

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Slave Trade
  • All Western Europe nations
  • Costal outposts
  • Inland raids by rival tribes
  • English - John Hawkins, Royal African Company
    1672 (loses monopoly in 1698)
  • Independent slavers from New England
  • Fortunes made

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The Middle Passage
  • Baraccons gt waiting ships
  • rammed like herring into a barrel
  • Torn flesh
  • 3 weeks to 3 months
  • the dancing slave
  • Sanitation?
  • 1/6 perished
  • Revolts
  • Drowning

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Olaudah Equiano
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The 1st Slave AuctionNew Amsterdam, 1655
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North American SlaveryA Society With Slaves
1619-1670s
  • 20 to VA in 1619
  • Remained low for decades
  • Indentured servants more cost effective
  • Society with Slaves v Slave Society
  • Africans owning Africans?

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North American SlaveryA Slave Society
1670s-1770s
  • Indentured servitude dwindles
  • Higher wages in Britain
  • Better opportunity in other colonies
  • Planters feared landless whites
  • Inheritable slavery written into law
  • VA slave code 1705
  • serves as model

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Upper South (Chesapeake)
  • Tobacco
  • Necessary?
  • Better fed and cared for than Caribbean region
  • By 1750s 80 native born

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Lower South
  • Rice Indigo
  • Much larger plantations
  • S. Carolina began as slave society
  • Georgia prohibited slavery from 1732 until 1752

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Slavery in the North
  • Societies with slaves
  • Acceptable institution
  • Large concentrations in some areas but relatively
    uncommon in the countryside of NE
  • Antislavery movement begins among Quakers (early
    18thC) in Philadelphia 1750s

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Daily Life Culture
  • built the South
  • Rural labor
  • Insufficient clothing cost saving inferior
    status
  • Small farms side by side with owner, better
    conditions but less autonomy
  • Larger plantations harder life but more
    autonomy

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African Americansin colonial N. America
  • Family core institution but no legal status
  • Slave codes
  • Sale of family members
  • Most managed to keep family intact more
    profitable for master

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African Americansin colonial N. America
  • Children named for family members
  • African names give way to Anglo names by late
    18thC
  • Kinship bonds

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Culture
  • E Pluribus Unum
  • African religions until Great Awakening
  • Burial dances
  • Multi-rhythmic music
  • Guinea-English dialect
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