Principles of Design

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Principles of Design
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Individuality

• Design is all about Individuality!
• No one will ever have the same design concept for
  one plan.
• Your own ideas and feelings go into your design.
• Creativity is key.
• But remember, the homeowner is the boss! If they
  dont like it you might have to change it.

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Elements Principles

• Serve as structures and guidelines for design
  development.
• Elements are tools used to accomplish principles
  in a project.
• Elements mechanics
• Principles concepts

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Elements

• Line
• Form
• Texture
• Color

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Principles

• Focalization
• Proportion Scale
• Balance
• Order Unity

• Repetition
• Rhythm Sequence
• Interconnection

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Elements
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Line

• Causes physical and/or visual movement.
• Leads the eyes through the landscaped space.
• Defines space.
• Lines are used in all aspects of the landscape.
• Steer physical or visual movement directly
  through the environment.

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Construct Lines

• By using contrasting plant materials
• By forming patterns with similar plant materials
• Examples Ground patterns, Edges of contrasting
  plant materials, and Tree tops meeting the sky

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Lines contd

• Straight lines formality or a contemporary
  concept
• Intersecting lines hesitation, change of view
  or direction, or a pause
• Curved lines relaxed, slower movement casual
  informal concept

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Straight Lines
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Curved Lines
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Form

• 2 or 3 Dimensional shape and structure of an
  object or space.
• Form is Line surrounding Space.
• Air space created by two plant materials set side
  by side is also an expression of form.
• Trees are good examples of form.

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Common Forms

• Round
• Conical
• Oval
• Weeping
• Horizontal
• Upright

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Forms contd

• Tailored plants and shrubs formal design
• Irregular or natural forms informal design

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Texture

• Surface quality of any plant material or
  structure in the landscape.
• Texture is relative.
• Comparison is how we determine texture in a
  landscape.
• One plant might be fine in certain surroundings
  but in others course.
• Examples Smooth, Rough, Shiny, or Dull.

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Texture contd

• Fine texture eyes move easy
• Course texture focus eyes

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Color

• Light is the source of color
• Color is visible wavelengths
• White is all light
• Black is the absence of light
• The color you see is the reflected wavelength

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Color

• Color Wheel
• Primary colors
• Red, yellow, blue
• Secondary colors
• Primary Primary
• Violet, green, orange
• Tertiary colors
• Primary Secondary
• Name begins with Primary
• Red-orange, yellow-green

YELLOW
RED
BLUE
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Color contd

• Hue pure color
• Tint (pastel) add white decrease the value
• Tone add gray
• Shade add black
• Warm colors yellow, red, orange excitement
• Cool colors blue and green calm

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Principles
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Focalization

• Visual break in the sequence and flow of the
  landscape.
• Focal Point point or area that attracts the eye
• Without it the eye is lost and confused.
• A designer should create a strong and effective
  focal point.
• Use elements to create the focal point

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Focalization

• Can be created by varying sizes of plants.
• Texture can be useful
• Minor focal points can be used to lead the eye to
  the main focal point
• Color can create a focal point on a site with
  great depth.
• What color might you use for the focal point?

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Proportion Scale

• Proportion relationship among components of
  landscape.
• Tree to tree, shrub to shrub, tree to shrub
• Scale relationship among components of
  landscape to house.
• Tall tree to squatty house not good

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Out of scale
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In scale
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Balance
Symmetrical
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Balance
Asymmetrical
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Order Unity

• Order overall organization, skeleton
• Unity harmonious relationship among all
  elements of the design

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Repetition

• Repeating or using an element more than once
  throughout a design.
• Provides a common feature throughout the design
  that pulls the design together.

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Rhythm Sequence

• The apparent flow of lines, textures, and colors
  that express a feeling of motion rather than
  confusion.
• Keeps the eye moving smoothly.
• Create R S with elements

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Interconnection

• Produces unity in the design
• Components physically linked together
• Examples a row of shrubs, lines of tulips