What are Parenthetical Citations?

1
What are Parenthetical Citations?

• Acknowledging words, facts, or ideas from another
  source.

2
Why do we need parenthetical citations?

• It is important to give credit to the sources
  you use. When you copy words and ideas that are
  not yours and use them without giving credit, it
  is called plagiarism.

3
How do I avoid plagiarism?

• You can avoid plagiarism, which is a serious
  offense, by giving credit to your sources. People
  who plagiarize may receive a failing grade or
  even be expelled from school.

4
Doesnt the Works Citedpage give credit?

• Yes, the Works Cited page at the end of your
  paper is important in giving credit to the
  sources you used. However, it doesnt give your
  reader information on what exactly you used from
  each source or exactly where you found the
  material.

5
When must you give credit?

• When you quote exact words
• If you use the exact words of an author, you
  need to include them in quotation marks.

6
Give Credit

• When you summarize facts and ideas from a
  source

Summarizing means taking ideas from a larger
passage and condensing them into your own words.
7
Give Credit

• When you paraphrase

If you use the ideas or opinions from someone
else and restate them in your own words, you
still need to cite the source.
8
When do you not have to cite a reference?

• If the information is well known
• If the information can be found in dictionaries
• Statistics and information that can be easily
  found in several sources and are not likely to
  vary from source to source

9
Citing sources when you have all the information

• The most common type of credit (citation) lists
  the authors last name and the page number in
  parentheses.
•  
• In 1900, the worst hurricane in the United
  States history hit Galveston, Texas. A storm
  surge almost two stories high broke over the
  city, causing 20- foot (6.1 meter) floods and
  more than 8,000 deaths (Skelton 4).
•  
•  

• If you already name the author in your report,
  just include the page number in parentheses.
•  
• In Hurricane Force, Michael Miles explains that
  cool air draws heat and moisture from warm bodies
  of water to form a storm (22).
•  

10
Citing sources when some of the information is
missing

• Some sources do not list an author. In those
  cases, use the title and page number.
•  
• The winds of a hurricane are most violent around
  the eye (Hurricane Season 7).
•  
• Some sources do not use page numbers. In those
  cases, list just the author.
•  
• Hurricanes in the Indian Ocean are called
  cyclones (Nealy).
•  
• If a source does not list the author or page
  number, use the title.
•  
• In Southeast Asia, they are called typhoons
  (Big Wind).
•  
•  

11
Parenthetical citations should be

• Brief
• Give only enough information to identify the
  source on your Works Cited page

12
Always check to make sure you give credit to your
sources
Include a Works Cited page

• A complete list of every source that you make
  reference to in your report. This provides the
  information necessary for a reader to locate and
  retrieve any sources cited in your paper.

13
Wrap up a great paper !
Use parenthetical citations when you

• Quote
• Summarize
• Paraphrase