Anaerobic Energy Systems

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Anaerobic Energy Systems

• By Stacey Perkins, Catherine Gordon, Kaitlyn
  Souter, Ben OBrien

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Lab Overview

• Look at definitions and types of anaerobic energy
  systems
• Conduct Wingate Test
• Collect and Analyse results
• Re-group for questions and summary
• IMPORTANT Please be diligent and respond quickly
  to instructions

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Anaerobic Energy Systems

• Anaerobic energy system energy system within
  the body that does not require the use of oxygen
• It consists of the ATP-PC system and the Lactic
  Acid/Anaerobic Glycolysis system
• All three energy pathways (ATP-PC, Lactic Acid
  Aerobic energy systems) operate at any one time
  and can overlap. The contribution of each varies
  depending on the duration and intensity of the
  activity

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Anaerobic Energy Systems

• ATP-PC SYSTEM
• Provides a bulk of ATP required during powerful
  and explosive efforts
• (Eg take off in high jump, sprint position in
  netball)
• Linked with several fitness components
• (Eg muscular strength, anaerobic power, speed)
• Provides up to 10 seconds of energy for maximal
  effort
• The system relies on muscle stores of both ATP
  and PC (phospho-creatine)

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Anaerobic Energy Systems

• LACTIC ACID SYSTEM
• Provides bulk of ATP production during high
  intensity, sub-maximal efforts.
• Operates as a dominant supply of ATP from around
  15-60 seconds of maximal effort
• Closely linked with several fitness components
• (Eg anaerobic power, speed and muscular power)
• Classic example 400m run

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Definitions

• SPEED Refers either to the ability to perform a
  movement quickly or to see how fast a movement is
  performed.
• POWER The rate of performing work. The product
  of force and velocity. Power force x
  distance/time.

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Definitions

• WORK Physical work or effort as opposed to rest
• VELOCITY Velocity distance/time. How fast an
  object is moving at any one time over a given
  distance with regard to direction. Two types
  Linear and Angular.

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Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

• Who here plays a sport? What?
• After a short sprint/tackle what is your body
  doing? (in relation to your breathing and pulse)
• Is it possible to not have an increased heart
  rate and heavy breathing after intense exercise?
  Why?

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Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

• When aerobic exercise begins, the oxygen
  transport system does not immediately supply the
  needed quantity of oxygen to the active muscles
  because oxygen consumption requires several
  minutes to reach steady state.
• Because oxygen needs and oxygen supply differs
  during the transition from rest to exercise, the
  body incurs an oxygen deficit. (eg getting tired
  during warm up)

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Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

• The oxygen deficit the difference between the
  oxygen required for a given exercise intensity
  and the actual oxygen consumption.
• Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (Oxygen
  debt) the elevated levels of oxygen consumption
  during the initial minutes of recovery, which
  exceed the oxygen usually required at rest.

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Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
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Sources of Fatigue

• PCr depletion
• Muscle glycogen depletion
• Neuromuscular - nerve impulses
• CNS - muscular recruitment
• Metabolic by-products
• Lactate
• Hydrogen Ions low ph
• Buffers - bicarbonate

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Metabolic By-Product Removal

• LACTIC ACID
• Myth that lactic acid is responsible for
  fatigue
• Truth lactic acid accumulates within the muscle
  fibre only during relatively brief, highly
  intense muscular effort.
• Truth fatigue is generally caused by inadequate
  energy supply
• Lactate Removed by Gluconeogenesis (conversion
  of glucose) through Cori cycle (energy consuming)
  or the Oxidation to pyruvate which fuels the
  citric acid cycle (energy producing)

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Metabolic By-Product Removal

• HYDROGEN IONS
• Hydrogen Ions (pH) Removed by buffers such as
  bicarbonate
• pH is a major limiter of performance and the
  primary cause of fatigue during maximal and
  all-out exercise

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Wingate Test

• Conduct the Wingate Test
• All participants to prepare for testing
• Observers prepare to record results

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Blood Lactate

• Why is blood lactate increased at post test?
• Why does blood lactate continue to increase at
  follow up?
• What are some gender differences in lactate?

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Application of Results

• Visit all four groups
• Peak Anaerobic Power (PP)
• Relative Anaerobic Power (RPP)
• Anaerobic Capacity (AC)
• Anaerobic Fatigue (AF)
• Apply results from the Wingate test to above
  mentioned methods

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Questions?

• Does the term Anaerobic Capacity actually
  indicate the total amount of work done by the
  anaerobic systems? Why/why not?
• What are the causes of Anaerobic fatigue in this
  test?

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Questions?

• After the test has finished, how does the body
  get rid of lactic acid?
• Exertion levels determine the rate of lactic acid
  removal
• An active recovery provides best conditions with
  exertion levels and heart rate lower than that at
  the onset of blood lactate accumulation.

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Questions?

• The bulk of lactic acid is converted back into
  pyruvic acid then oxidised inside the
  mitochondria via the citric acid cycle (creating
  new ATP supplies)
• The body also deals with lactic acid through
  respiration, perspiration and excretion.

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Conclusion

• Anaerobic energy system energy system within
  the body that does not require the use of oxygen
• There are two systems ATP-PC system (lasts from
  8-10 seconds) LACTIC ACID system (operates from
  15-60 seconds)
• Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (Oxygen
  debt) the elevated levels of oxygen consumption
  during the initial minutes of recovery, which
  exceed the oxygen usually required at rest.

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Conclusion

• There are many sources of fatigue that can
  influence performance
• The Metabolic by-products need to be removed from
  the system to enable the body to recover
  effectively
• Have a good day!!