Energy Systems for Exercise

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Energy Systemsfor Exercise

• Presenter Ms. Lea Green

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The human body is made to move in many ways

• Quick and powerful
• Graceful coordinated
• Sustained for many hours
• And is dependent upon the capacity to produce
  energy

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We have a great amount of diversity

• Quick movements-lasts a few seconds
• Reduced speed-lasts for several minutes
• Reduced intensity(50)-lasts for several hours
• The body uses different energy systems for each
  activity

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Cells in the body need energy to
functionFOODENERGY (E)
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Cells dont get Energy directly from food, it
must be broken down intoATP-Adensosine
TRIphosphateATP a form of energy one can
immediately use, it is needed for cells to
function muscles to contract
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Nutrients that give us energy

• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins

• Glucose
• Fatty acids
• Amino Acids

Digestion
Absorbed into the blood transported to cells
(muscle, liver nerve) They are used to
produce ATP or stored
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• ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore the
  rest is stored as
• Glucose Glycogen (muscle liver)
• Fatty Acids Body fat
• Amino Acids Growth, repair or excreted as waste

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• Predominant Energy Pathways
• ATP (2-3 seconds)
• ATP-CP Energy System (8-10 seconds)
• Anaerobic Energy System (2-3 minutes)
• Aerobic Energy System (3 minutes )

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0 sec 4 sec 10 sec 1.5 min
3 min
Strength Powerpower lift, shot put, golf
swing
Sustained Powersprints, fast breaks, football
Anaerobic Power Endurance200-400 m dash, 100
m swim
Aerobic EnduranceBeyond 800 m run
Immediate/short-term
Aerobic-oxidativenon-oxidative systems
system
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ATP-CP Energy System

• ATP is stored in the muscle liver for Quick
  Energy
• Nerve impulses trigger breakdown of ATP into ADP
• ADP Adenosine Diphosphate 1 Phosphate
• The splitting of the Phosphate bond Energy for
  work
• Ex. Muscle Contraction, Moving hand from a hot
  stove, Jumping Throwing

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The ATP Molecule
a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
P
Adenosine
P
P
b. The breakdown of ATP
P
Adenosine
P
P
Energy
Energy for cellular function
ATP ADP energy for biological work P(ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate)
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For contractions to continue ATP must be REBUILT
This comes from the splitting of CP (Creatine
Phosphate a Hi energy source, automatic) When
ATP is used it is rebuilt as long as there is
CP Energy released from CP breaking down,
resynthesizes the ADP P
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REMEMBER only small amounts of ATP are stored
only 2-3 sec. of Energy ATP-CP 8-10 sec. of
Energy The usefulness isnt the AMOUNT of Energy
but the QUICK POWERFUL movements For longer
periods of work The Aerobic Anaerobic Energy
System must be utilized
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The Immediate Resynthesis of ATP by CP
a. Creatine Phosphate (CP)
Creatine
P
High energy bond
b. CP Creatine energy for resynthesis of ATP
P
Creatine
P
Energy
c. ADP energy from CP P ATP (reversal of
ATP ADP P energy for work)
P
Adenosine
P
P
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Anaerobic Energy System

• Without oxygen Activities that require a large
  burst of energy over a short period of time
• Anaerobic Glycolysis Production of ATP from
  Carbohydrates without oxygen
• (breakdown of glucose)

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Since glycogen is stored in the muscle liver,
it is available quickly This system provides ATP
when ATP-CP runs out Again, ATP-CP lasts for a
few seconds, the Anaerobic Energy System allows
for 2-3 minutes of work
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1. The process to produce ATP is not as fast as
   ATP-CP, which makes muscle contraction slower
2. When oxygen is not present the end product of
   glycolisis is lactic acid, which causes the
   muscles to fatigue
3. Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in
   producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, BUT is
   needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few
   minutes

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Without Oxygen Glucose 2ATP 2LA (digested
component of carbohydrates) Glycogen 3ATP
2LA (the storage form of glucose)
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With Oxygen Glucose O2 36ATP H2O
CO2 Fatty Acids O2 129ATP Body Fat is a
great source of ENERGY
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• Oxygen Deficit The body can not supply enough
  O2 to the muscles that the muscles demand
• When the muscle does not get enough oxygen,
  exhaustion is reached causing immediate and
  involuntary reduction in intensity
• Oxygen Debt pays back the deficit
• recovery time

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Aerobic Energy System

• With Oxygen Using large muscle groups
  continuously over a period of time
• Aerobic Glycolisis Fatty Acid Oxidation The
  production of ATP from Carbohydrates Fat

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• O2 enters the system, stopping the breakdown of
  glycogen to lactic acid
• With oxygen, glycogen breaks down into ATP
  CO2 H20
• These byproducts are easier to get rid of
• CO2 is expelled by the lungs
• H20 is used in the muscle

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4.Anaerobic Energy System Carbohydrates are
the only fuel source 5.With prolonged exercise,
Carbohydrates are the first fuel choice, as
exercise continues, FAT becomes
predominant 6.Protein is not a main fuel source
except in an emergency
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• Each system plays an important role in energy
  production
• This gives us a variety of movements
• The systems interact to supply Energy for the
  activity

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Examples Anaerobic 70-80 Anaerobic Aerobic
20-30
Aerobic Wt. Training Stop Go
Sports Jogging Gymnastics Tennis Marathons Fo
otball Soccer Cycling Baseball Field
Hockey Aerobic Dance
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