Title: ?????????? ????????????? Hydrangea macraphylla (Fam. Saxifragaceae)
1?????????? ?????????????Hydrangea macraphylla
(Fam. Saxifragaceae)
- ???????
- ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????
??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????
???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???
??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? . - ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??
??? ???? (???? ?????) ??????? ?? ?? ??????
????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????
??????????. - ???? ??? ????? ??? Hydro ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??
????? ? Angeion ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???
??????. - ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? Macro ??????? ?????
????? Phyllon ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????
2- ?????
- ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????
??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????
?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
?????? . - ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????
??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 6 ??? 2, 6.
- ?? ????? ?? ??? 5, 5 ? 6 ???? ?????? ???? ?????
???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? 6 ??? ????? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? 5, 5 ??????? ??
??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???
?? ???? ?? ??????? . - ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???
?????? . - ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????
??????? .
3- ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????
??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???
??????? ?????? ??? ( ??????? ??????????? ???????
?????????? ) ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? - ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???
???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????
??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???
???????. - ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? 4, 3 ??? 2,2 ??
/ ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
???????? ?????? 4,3 ?? / ??? ??????? ??????.
4- ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????
????????? . - ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???
??? ??????? - ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
??????? ?? ??????? ??????? . - ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
?? 20 30 ??? ?? ??????? ????? ? 1- 3 ??? ??
??????? ????? ?25 45 ??? ?? ??????? ????????
????? ?? 100 ??? ?? ??????? ??????? - ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????
??????? ?? ????? . - ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???????
?????? ???? 25 5 30 ( ??????? ?????
???????? ) ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.
5- ??????? -
- ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? 6 9 ?????? ??
???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????
??? ?? ??? . - ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 13 ?
18 ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? . - ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??
18 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. - ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? 14 16 ???? ???
???? 19 22 ??. - ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????
????.
6- ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 22 ?? .
??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????
??? ??????? . - ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????
??????? ????? ????? ?????. - ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? (
blind stems ) . - ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????
????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??
????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? . - ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????
???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???
??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????
?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? .
7- ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????
???? ??????? ???? Botrytis ???? ???? ??? ???????
????? ??????? . - ???? ??????? ??? 2 29 ?? ??? ????? ???? 6
?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. -
- ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????
?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??
10 ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
8- ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????
?????? ????? ????????? ??? 4 ?????? ????? ??????
4 ???? ?????? 10 ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? 2 ?????
????? ?????? 4 ???? ?????? 50 ??? ?? ??????? . - ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????
?? 1 2 ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? 10 ??? ??
??????? ?????? . -
- ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ?????? ????????? ?? 5, 1 2 ?? ?????????
??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????????
???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? .
9- ?????? ????? -
- ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????
??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? . - ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????
????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. - ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? (
Daminozide ) ????? 5000 ??? 7500 ??? ?? ??????? .
???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 3 5 ??
?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????. - ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????
????? 4, ?? ??? ???? ??? 13 ?? ???? ?? ???
??????? ??? ????. - ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
?????? .
10- ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????
??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????
???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? . - ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? 3, - 6, 1 ?? ???
???? ??? 15 ?? . ?? ???????? ??????????? ????? 2
4 ?? ??? ???? ??? 15 ?? ????? ??????????? ???
????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? 30 38 . - ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???
?? 2 5 ????? ?? ??????? . - ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? 3 5 ?? ????? ???
??? 2 4 ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??
??? ???? ??????? 2500 5000 ??? ?? ??????? ??
?????????? ??? ????? ?? 10 14 ????? . - ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
????? ???????
11 ???????
- ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????
??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????
??????? .
12- (?)- ?????? ??????? -
- ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????
????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? . - ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????
?? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????. - ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? .
- ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? 5 7 ??????? ??? ????
????? 15 18 ?? . - ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???
??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? . - ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??
?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????.
13- (?)- ??????? -
- ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????
??????? . ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? 9 ??
?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???
???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????
???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ???????
???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? . - ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ( 75, - 25, 1
?? ) . ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??
?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? . - ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
intermittent mist ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????
????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???? ????? .
14- ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????
???????? ( IBA) ?? ????????? ?????? ( ANN ) ??
????? (1000 ??? ?? ??????? IBA ?? ANN ) ?? ??
????? ????? ???? ( 500 2400 ??? ?? ??????? NAA
?? IBA ) ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. - ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????
?? ??? ??? 5 7 ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? 10 ?? ???
????? ??????. - ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 10 12 ?? ?????
??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????
?? ????? ????? . - ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? 3 4 ?????? ??
??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? 21 ??.
15- (??)- ????? ???????? ??????? -
- ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????
????? ?? ?? ???? ??? 10?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??
???? ??? 12 ??. - ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???
????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????. - ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???
????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? . - ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????
. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???
?????? - ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????
??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
???????. - ?? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
??????? .
16- (?)- ??????? -
- ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????
????????? ????? ????? . ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
??? ????? ? 6 ??????. - ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??
?????? . - ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????
??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? . ??? ?????
???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 10 ??
????? ?? ??? ??? 10 ?? ???? 2 3 ????? ??? ?????
??? ????? ????????. - ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? 12 13 ????? ????
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??
13 14 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? .
17- ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? 18 ?? ??? ????
??????? 1/2 ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? 12 ??
?????. - ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??
?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???
??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? . - ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. - ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????
???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??
???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? . - ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? .
18- ??????? Supporting
- ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????
?? ???? ??? ?? 4-5 ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??
??? ?? ?????? ????????- ??? ?????? ????????
?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????
???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??
????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????
????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????.
19- ??????? Shading
- ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????
?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. - ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????
?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
???? ??????? ?????.
20?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????
- ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????
?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???
??????? (pH). - ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????
???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ?? ??????. - ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????
????.
21- ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????
- 1- ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? (Al)
?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????. - ????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????
?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????
?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????
????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????
???? ?? ??????????? Delphinidin ?????? ??????
?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. - 2- ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???
????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???
???? ???????????. - 3- ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???
?????? ???? ??? Al ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? (AL)
?? ?????? ?????? ?? 950 ??? ?? ???????.
22- 4- ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? Al ???????
???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??
???? ??? ????? ?????? (pH) ??? 4.5. - 5- ????? ?????? Al ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????
???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????. - 6- ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? Al ?? ?????? ????? ????
????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
??????? Al ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????
??? ????? ?????. - 7- ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????
???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????
???? ????? ?????? ???????. - 8- ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
??? ??????.
23??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
- ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
?????. - ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? 4-20 ???/?3 ??
???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???
??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????. - ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????
Al2 (SO4)2. - ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??
??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? 1-2 ????
??? ???. - 5- ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
??????? ????? ?? 5-10 ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????
?????????? ???????????. - 6- ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. - 7- ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????
???????. - 8- ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????
?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????
?????.
24- ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????
-
- ???? ????? ??????
- ????? (NO3) ?? 20-30 ??? ?? ???????.
- ?????? (P) ?? 1-3 ??? ?? ???????.
- ???????? (K) ?? 25-45 ??? ?? ???????.
- ??????? (Ca2) ???? ?? 100 ??? ?? ???????.
- ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? 25?
5??2?5 30??2?. - ????? ????? ??????
- ????? ?? 30-50 ??? ?? ???????.
- ?????? ?? 6-8 ??? ?? ???????.
- ???????? ?? 15-25 ??? ?? ???????.
- ??????? ???? ?? 100 ??? ?? ???????.
- ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? 25?
10??2?5 100??2?. - ????? ????? ??????
- ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????.
25????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
- ?- ???? ???????
- ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? 21º?
????? ??? ??? ?? 15.5º? ????. - ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????
??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????. - ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? Forcing
- ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????
?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????
?????? ?????? ????? ????? 10º? ???? ?????? ???
80-100 ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????
???????. - ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????
?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????
??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????.
26- ?- ??? ??????
- ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???
??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????. - ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????
??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????
????? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????
??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. - ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???
???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????
???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????
???????.
27- ??? ???????
- ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????
?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????
??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????. - ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
- ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????
????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 25-30 ?? ??? ??
??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????
???? ?????? 5?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????
?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????.
28??????? ???????
- ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????
??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? . - ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????
???????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???
????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????
??????? ???????? ??????? ????? . - ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???
????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????
???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? Botrytis ?? ?????
?????? ??????? . - ?????? ??? ??? Botrytis ???? ???? ????? ???????
????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????
????? ?? ??????? ??????? .
29- ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 7 8 ???? ???
???? 21 ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? . ???????? ????
?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? . - ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? Sodium methyl
dithiocar bamate - ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??
????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? 1000 3000 ???
?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????
??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? 8
31 ??? ??????? 1000 ??? ?? ???? . ????? ???? ???
???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?? ???????? . - ??????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??
??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???
????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????
??????? ???? ?? 19 ?? .
30- ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? . ???? ?? 19
98 ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????
?????? ????? ??????? . - ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????
??????? . - ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????
??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??
????? ?????? . -
31?????????? Orchids
- ????? -
- ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????
???????? ??? ????? ? ???? ???????? ????????? ??
????? ??????? . ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? . - ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? . ????? ??????? ??
???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ??????
?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????. - ??????? ?????????? Orchidaceae ????? ??? ???? ???
?? 800 ??? ?????? 2500 ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????
??????? ??????? .
32- ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????
??????? . - ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??
????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
??????? ??? ????? . - ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????
????? ??? 45?? ?? ????? . - ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????
?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???
????? ?????.
33??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??
???? ??????? ???????? ??? -
- 1- ??????? ????????? Zygomorphic flowers
- ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??
????? ??? ????? ???????? - 2- ???? ?????? Pollen
- ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
????? ????? ???? Pollinia ?????? ??????? ?????
??????? . ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? - 3- ?????? Column
- ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????
????? ????? ????? ???? . ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????
???? ??? ?????? ??????? . ?? ????? ?????? ??????
??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? -
34- 4 - ????? Rostellum
- ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????
???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? . - ????? - ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???????
??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????
??????. - ?????? - ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????
???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????
??????? ????? ?????? . - ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? .
- 5 - ?????? Seeds
- ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? .
- ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1/2 1 ????? ????.
- ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????
????? ( Naked Speeds ) - ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???
???????. - ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???
?????????? ???????? .
35???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???
- ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?
?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ???
???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? - - (1) - Cattleya
- ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 50 ??? ????? ????? . ?????
???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????
????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? .
??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 6
10 ?? - (2) - Cymbidium
- ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? 10 ?? ?????
??? ???? ????? ??????? ( 5, 7 5, 12 ?? ) ??????
????? ?? ?????? . ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???
????? - (3) - Phaleenopsis
- ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? . ?????? ???????
? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????
????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? .
36- (4) - Dendrobium
- ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ?????
??? . - (5) - Vanda
- (6) - Apcocenda
- ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 150 ????? ???? / ???
???? / ????? . - (7) - Arachnis
- ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????
????? 12 ???? / ???? / ??? ????? ??????? . -
37- (8)- Oncidium Golden Showers
- ???? ?????? ???? ?????
- (9)- Paphiopedium
- ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????
??? ???? ????? ??? ????? 10 ?? ?????? ??? ????
????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????
????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.
38??????? PROPAGATION
- ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? .
- ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? .
39- (1)- ????? ?????? Seed Germination Technique
- ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????
??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? . - ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????
????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???
???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? . - ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???
. - ?? ??? 1923 ???? Knudson ??? ????? Knudson's C
????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? . - ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????
??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
. -
40- ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????
??????? . - ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????
??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? . - ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
????? ?????? . - ??? ?? ???? PH ??????? ,5 2,5 . ??? ?????? ??
???????? ?????? ????? . - ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
10 ?????????? ????????? (10??????? ) ???? ???
????? . - ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??
?? ???? . ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? . - ???? ???????? ?? ????? 21 22 ?? ?????? 6, 1
???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???
?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? . -
41(No Transcript)
42(2)- ??????? ?????? Vegetative Propagation
- (?)- ????? Cuttings -
- ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? Monopodial
?????? (Vanda , Arachnis ) ???? ?? ?????? ??????
?????? . - ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? 5, 7- 10 ?? . ?????
??? ??? ??? Vanda ????? 30 37 ?? ????? ????? 12
???? ???? ?????? ???????? . - ??? ????? ?? ??? Arachnis ??? ??? ????? 45 60
?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??
?? ??? .
43- ??? ??????? ??? Phalaenopsis and Phaius ???? ??
?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? . - ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???
???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ????
?????? .
44- (?)- ??????? Division
- ??? Cattleya ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????
Sympodial ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? . - ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??
??????? ??????? . - ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????
???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???
?????? ?? ???? ????? .
45- (?) ????? ??????? Mericloning
- ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????
?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????
???? ???? ??? ???? . - ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????
?????? ????? ?? ????????? . - ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
???? ??? . - ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? 10 ?????? ???? 10
15 ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? .
46- ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? 5 ?????? ???? 8 10 ?????
. - ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
?????? ??????? Leaf Prrimordia . - ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???
??????? ?? ????? ?????? 3 ???? 3 5 ????? . - ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? Murashige
Skoot . ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????.
47????? ???????? - PLANT CUTURE
- ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????
???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 2 3 ????? - ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? .
- ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????
??????? ??? .
48(?)- ??????? ?? ????? Greenhouse Production
- (1)- ???? ??????? Media
- ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????
?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???
????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??
???? Epiphytic orchids ??? ????? Cattleya ?????
?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? - ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????
????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ?
????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????
49- (?)- ??????? ??????? Environmental Controls
- (1)- ???? -
- ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???????
???????? ?? ????? ???????? . - ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????
???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??
??? ?????? ????? . - ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????
?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????
????????? ???? ?????? . - ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????
?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? .
50- ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
???????? ??? ???? ????? . - ??? ?? ??? Cattleya ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????
PH 4 9 ? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??
????? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????
????? ?? ?????? ????????? . - ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???
???? ? ??? ?? ????? 125 ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????
????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? 500
??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????
?????? ?? 800 ??? ?? ???????.
51- (2)- ???? ??????? Temperature
- ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? .
???? Cymbidium ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 10 ??
????? ????? . - ??????? ?????? ?? 10 ?? ???? ????? ??? ?21 24
?? ???? ????? ????. - ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????
32 ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????
?????.
52- ??? ????? ??? ??? Cattleya ?????? ????? ???? ????
?? ???? ????? ??? 15 18 ?? . Phalaenopesis
????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???
???? ????? ??? 18 ?? ??? 27 ?? ???? ????? ????. - ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????
??? ???? ????? ??? 13 15 ??. - ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ( 10 ?? ) ????
????? ??? Cymibidium ?????? ???? ????? Cattleya
and phalaenopsis .
53- (3)- ??????? Fertilization
- ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? .
- ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????
???? ???? ??????? . - ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???
?????? ? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ????????
???? ??????? . - ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? .
54- (4)- ????? Light
- ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? Phalaenopesis ???? ????? ??? ?????
6, 1 9, 3 ??????? ? ????? ???? ??? Cymbidium
??? ??? ????? ?????? . - ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????
???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????
????? ? ?????? ??? ???????? . - ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? Cattleya Trianaei ,
C . Labiata ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???
????????. - ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??
????? Cattleya ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????
????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????.
55- (5)- ??????? Flowering
- ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??
???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????
????????? . - ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? Cattleya and Vanda
?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????
?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. - ???? ?????? ???????? ??? Phalaenopsis amailis
????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? . - ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???
?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????
??????? .
56- ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????
??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? . - ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? Easter and
Mothers . - ????? ??? ??Dendrobium ????? D. phalaenopsis
?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????
??????? ?????? . - ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????
. - ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???
?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.
57??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????
- ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????
?????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????
??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? . - (?)- ?????? ???????? Insects and related pests
- ???? ??????? ??????? Armored scales
- ????? ?????? Mealybugs ????? Mites ?????????
Cockroaches ???????? ????????? Snails and Slugs .
58- (?)- ??????? Diseases
- ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????
??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????
???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? . - ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? .
?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? . - ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ????
???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??
??????. - ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? Petal Blight (
Botrytis Cinerea ) ?????? ??????. -
59- Black Rots( Pythium ultimum and phytophthona
cactorum ) ???????? ????????? ??? (Cymlidium
Mosaic Virus and Odontoglossum ringspot Virus) - ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? . ????
????????? Colar Break Virus ???? ??????? ???
????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
??? . - ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? . - ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????
??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???
??????? ???? ????? .
60- (?) ??????? ??????????? Phyiologicol Disorders
- ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????
??? ???? ???????? . - ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????
???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???
???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????
??? ????? . - ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ????
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? . - ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? .
- ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????
????? ????? ??? 7 ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????.
61???? ?????? ??????? ???????? Harvesting and
handling
- (?)- ??????? grading
- ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? . - ?? ???? ????? ??? Cottleya ???? ??? ???? ??????
????? . ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??
??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? . - ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????
?? ??? ??? ???. - ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????
??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????
? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???
?????? .
62- (?)- ??? ??????? Cutting flowers
- ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ???
??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??
?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? . - ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???
??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???
???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? . ????? ???
??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? Trisodium
plosphate ?? ????? ??? ???? ( PH 12 ) ???????? ??
???? ????????? . - ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? 2 3 ???? ??
?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? .
63- ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? Spray type ??
???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? - 2 ???
. - ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????
??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? . - ????? ??? Cattleya ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????
??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ????? ???? ?????? . - ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????
?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????.
64- (??)- ??????? Packaging
-
- ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????
????? ????? . ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
Cymbidium ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 6 ? 8
?? 12 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?
????? ??? Cattleya ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???
???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???
???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? . - ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? Dendrobium ?? 4 ??? ( 12
???? ) ?? ????? (7525 5,17 ?? ) .
65- (?)- ??????? Storage
- ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????
????? ??? 1 ?? . - ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 3 ????
??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????????
????? . - ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? 3
4 ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????
???? ?????? ????? . - ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????
?? ???? ??? ???? ????? 5 7 ?? ? ???? ??? ??????
???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 10 14 ??? ????? .
66- (??)- ????? Shipping
-
- ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????
?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
Pollinia ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? .
- ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????
??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????.
67- (?)- ????? ???????? Consumer Care
-
- ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????
????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? .
- ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? .
- ???? ???? ????? 75, ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??
?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? . - ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??
?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? .
68- ??? ??????? ??????? Spray type ????? ?????
?????? ?????????? ????????? - ??? ???? ???? ????? 5, 2 ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? (
38 ?? ) ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? 5 ? ? . - ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????
?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????.
69(No Transcript)
70??????? ??????? Flowering bulbs
- ???????
- ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????
???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? . - ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
?? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????
?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????
????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? ????????
????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? .
71- ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????
??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ???????
????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????
????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??? - ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????
?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?
??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????
?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ????
????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
?????? .
72- ???????
- ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??????????
?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????
????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????
?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?????
?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????
???????? . - ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? " ???? " ??? ?? ????
?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????
?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??
?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???
?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????
??????? ?????????? ??????? . - ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???
????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????
.
73- ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???
??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????
??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????
???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ( ?????
?????? ??????? ????? ) ?? ????? ???? ??? ??
???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
??? ??? ?????? . - ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????
Curing ?? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????
???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????
??????? .
74- ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????
????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
????? ? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ???
???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????
??????? . - ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????
??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? .
???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???
?????? ??????? ???? . ???? ???? ?? ?????
?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????
?????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????.
75????? ??????? ???????
- ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????
- - ??????? ???????? Bulbs
- ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??
????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???
??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
??????? . - ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????
????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??
????? . - ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????
??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? .
76- 2- ????????? Rhizomes
- ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???
?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? . - ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????
?????? ?? ?????? . - ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???
????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???
????? . ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? . - ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????
??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????
????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? . - ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ?????? . - ?????? ???????? ???? ????? Zantedeschia Spp
?????????? Begonia rex ?????? ????? Strelitizia
regina ?????? Canna Spp ??????? ?????? Iris
germanca .
77- 3- ???????? ????????? Corms , Cormlets
- ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ???????????. - ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????
? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ( ???? ???? ????? )
??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? . - ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??
???? ???????? . - ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??
????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??
???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ???
?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????
????? .
78- ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????
??????????? ??????? ( ??????? ) ??? ???????
???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. - ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??
????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????
??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? .
79- 4- ??????? ??????? ???????? Root and Stem
tubers - ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
?????? ??????? ??? . - ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
?????? ??? ???? . - ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??
?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? . - ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???
??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? - ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????
? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????
??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? .
80- 5- ??????? ???????? Scale-bulbs
- ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? . - ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????
??????? . ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????
???????? ??? ??? 40 ???? ?????? . - ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??
????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? . - ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? . - ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? .
81- 6- ???????? ???????? Bulbils
- ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???
??? ?????? . - ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???
Lilium Candidum ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
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??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? .
82????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
- ?- ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? -
- ???? ?????? ??????? Monoctyledon?????? ????????
???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ?
????? ? . ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????
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??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? .
83- ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
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?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????
?? ?????? ??????? - - ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
? ???? ? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????
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84- 4- ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????
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???? ???? . ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??
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?? ??? ???? . - 6- ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????
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???? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????
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????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? . - 7- ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???
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???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????
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85- ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????
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????????? .
86?- ??????? ???? ????????
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Dictyledon ??????? ?????? - - ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????
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87??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
- 1- ????? ??????? ?????? -
- ????? ????? ??????? ?????? Tropics ????? ????
???? ? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
Hippaestrum sp ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???
??????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ???
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88- 2- ????? ??????? ???????? -
- ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??
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89- ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
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90??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????
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??? ?????? ?????? .
91 ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????????
- 1- ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? -
- ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????
???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????
??????????? . - ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? 8.5 5? .
????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? .
- ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ( 15
20 ? ) ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????
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92- 2- ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? -
- ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????
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?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? . ???? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? - - ?- ??? ????? ??????? ??????? Flower
initiantion - ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? .
????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? 20 ? ?? ???????? ?
20 ? ?? ??????? ???? 3 6 ?????? ??? ???????? ??
????? ?????? . -
93- ?- ????? ??????? ??????? ????? - Preparation
for elongation - ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ( ????? ????
?? ??????? ??????? ) ????? ???? ????? ??? 8 5? ??
???????? ? 13 5? ? ??????? ???? 13 ????? ?????
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3- 6 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 13 ?????
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94??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????
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95- 1- ????? ????? Non tunicated bulbs
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97?????? ???????? ??????? -
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99- ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
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???????? 6 8 ?? ?????? 7 8 ?? ??????????? 6
8 ??.
100- 2- ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? Stage of
apex development - ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ??
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101- ?- ??? ?????? - ???? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????
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102- ?- ????? ?????? - ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ???? .
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103- ??- ??? ?????? - ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
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104- 3- ???? ??????? Temperature
- ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????
?????? . - ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? .
- ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????
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???????.
105?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????
17 -20 17 - 20 5 13 20 - 23 13- 25 9 - 28 20 - 28 5 - 20 13 - 23 ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????
106- ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??
????? ?????? ?? 13 ? . ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ????
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??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?
.
107- 4 - ??????? Storage
- ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????
??????? ? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 2
20 5? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
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???? ?? ??????? . - ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????
?? 20 5? ???? 1 5 ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??
???? ??????? ??????? . - ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 33 5? ???? ?????
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????? 5 10 ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????
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108- 5- ????? ???? ????? Seasonal
- ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? . ??? ????
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????
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???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? .
109- 6-????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????-
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? ??????? ??? ??????? . - ??????? ??????? 100 ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????
????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? 50 ???
??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? 13.3 ?????? ???
11.9 ?? ?????? ??????? . - ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????
??????? ?? ????? ??????? . ??? ?? ?????? ??????
???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????
110- 7- ???????? Vernalization
- ?? ????? ??????? Lilium longiflorum ??? ?????
??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????
?????? ??????? . ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? . - ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????
??????? ??? ???? ????? 7.2 ? ???? 6 ?????? . ???
?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 5 7 ?
???? 8 ?????? . - ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ??? ???
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???? ??????? ??????? .
111- ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??
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???????? .
112- ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? -
- ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????
??????? ?????? ???????? Anemone coronaria ????
?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????
??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???
????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???
???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???