Optoelectronics ???? Photonics ??? Optoelectronics Measurement????

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Optoelectronics ????Photonics
???Optoelectronics Measurement????

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Photonics

• The science of photonics includes the generation,
  emission, transmission, modulation, signal
  processing, switching, amplification, detection
  and sensing of light.
• The term photonics thereby emphasizes that
  photons are neither particles nor waves they
  are different in that they have both particle and
  wave nature.

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Optoelectronics

• Optoelectronics is the study and application of
  electronic devices that source, detect and
  control light, usually considered a sub-field of
  photonics.
• Optoelectronic devices are electrical-to-optical
  or optical-to-electrical transducers, or
  instruments that use such devices in their
  operation.

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Optoelectronics

• Photoelectric or photovoltaic effect
• photodiodes (including solar cells)
• phototransistors
• photomultipliers Tube
• integrated optical circuit (IOC) elements
• Photoconductivity, used in
• photoresistors
• photoconductive camera tubes
• charge-coupled imaging devices
• Stimulated emission, used in
• injection laser diodes
• quantum cascade lasers
• Radiative recombination, used in-light-emitting
  diodes or LED
• Photoemissivity, used in-photoemissive camera
  tube

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Some People we should know!
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Augustin Jean Fresnel

• Augustin Jean Fresnel (1788 - 1827) was a French
  physicist, and a civil engineer, who was one of
  the principal proponents of the wave theory of
  light.
• He made a number of distinct contributions to
  optics including the well-known Fresnel lens.
• During his enforced leisure time he formulated
  his wave ideas of light into a mathematical
  theory.

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David Brewster polarization law

• David Brewster (1781-1868), a British physicist,
  formulated the polarization law in 1815

An illustration of the polarization of light
which is incident on an interface at Brewster's
angle.
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Linear Circular
Elliptical polarization state. the evolution
of the electric field vector, along with its x
and y components (red/left and green/right)
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• Linear polarization The ratio of the strengths
  of the two components is constant, so the
  direction of the electric vector is constant. The
  direction of this line depends on the relative
  amplitudes of the two components.
• Circular polarization The two orthogonal
  components have exactly the same amplitude and
  are exactly ninety degrees. One component is zero
  when the other component is at maximum or minimum
  amplitude.
• Elliptical polarizationWhen the two components
  are not in phase and neither have the same
  amplitude or are not ninety degrees, though their
  phase offset and their amplitude ratio are
  constant.

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Fabry- Perot F-P interferometry

• Charles Fabry (1867-1945), left, and Alfred Perot
  (1863-1925),right, were the first French
  physicists to construct an optical cavity for
  interferometry

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• William Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971), Australian
  born British physicist, won the Nobel prize with
  his father William Henry Bragg for his "famous
  equation" when he was only 25 years old.

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Erasmus BartholinusDouble Refraction

• Erasmus Bartholinus described this property as
  the effect of double refraction

• Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695), a Dutch
  physicist, explained this double refraction in
  terms of ordinary and extraordinary waves.
• Who made many contributions to optics and wrote
  prolifically on the subject.

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Professor Charles Kao Father of fiber optics

• who has been recognized as the inventor of fiber
  optics is receiving an IEE prize from Professor
  John Midwinter.

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• Flashback to 1960s the then young scientist
  Charles Kao doing an early experiment on optical
  fibre at the Standard Telecommunications
  Laboratory at Harlow, United Kingdom.

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Erasmus BartholinusDouble Refraction

• Sailors visiting Iceland during the 17th century
  brought back to Europe calcite crystals (Iceland
  spar) which had the unusual property of showing
  double images when objects were viewed through
  it.

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Albert Einstein photoelectric effect

• In 1922, Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel
  Prize in Physics for his services to Theoretical
  Physics, and especially for his discovery of the
  law of the photoelectric effect". In his 1905
  paper on the photoelectric effect.

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Albert Einsteinquantum theory and Bose-Einstein
statistics

• In 1917, Base on relativity, Einstein proposed
  the possibility of stimulated emission, the
  physical process that makes possible the maser
  and the laser.

• This article showed that the statistics of
  absorption and emission of light would only be
  consistent with Plancks distribution law.

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Max Planck

• Max Planck (1858 1947) was a German physicist.
  He is considered to be the founder of the quantum
  theory, one of the most important physicists of
  the twentieth century.
• Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in
  1918 for his work on quantum theory.

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Some devices we should see!
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Laser
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List of laser types

• Gas lasers
• Chemical lasers
• Dye lasers
• Metal-vapor lasers
• Solid-state lasers
• Semiconductor lasers
• Other types of lasers

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• A modern stabilized compact He-Ne laser
• A laser diode pigtailed to a fiber. Two of the
  leads are for a back-facet photodetector to allow
  the monitoring of the laser output power.

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Light-emitting diode
Red, green and blue LEDs of the 5mm type
Invented
Nick Holonyak Jr (1962)
Pin configuration
Anode and Cathode
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The inner workings of an LED
Parts of an LED
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Combined spectral curves for blue, yellow-green,
and high brightness red solid-state semiconductor
LEDs. FWHM spectral bandwidth is approximately
2427 nm for all three colors.
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Some application Fields we should learn!
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• ????Pioneer of Science Research

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Mendelyeev,Dmitry Ivanovich
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Laser interference?infrared sensor, approaching
switch
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• Application of Optoelectronics

Recongnization of workpieces and position in
industry test
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Test or inspection in dimension, tolerance,
assembling position.
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In military affairs
Moonlighting Collimationno-cooling infrared
sensor
Laser range finder???20mm????,???????????????????
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Biomedicine and imaging analysis
Computerized tomography
medicine image analysis
Cell Counting and Statistic
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Remote Sensing Image
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A guided bomb strikes a practice target
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3D CCD
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• FTIR Fourier Transform InfRared Spectroscopy

• Interference image spectroscopy ???????
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• Difference of the Reflected Spectrum can be used
  to identify Mineral.
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• To find the mineral and Petrosal distribution.
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3D CCD camera

• Get the original data to Reconstruct the 3D image
  on the moon surface.
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Laser Altometer ?????

• Detect the distance between the moon and the
  satellite to reconstruct the 3D image of the
  surface on the moon.
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?/Xradial Spectroscopy ????

• To find some unknown elementson the moon surface
  through the ?/x radiation.
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• To get the content and distribution of elements.
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High energy particles detector???????

• Used to Detect components, energy, flux and
  variety of high energy electric particles
  between the moon and the earth.

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Ion detector in solar radiation????????

• Velocity, temperature, energy of solar radiation
  between the moon and the earth.
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