Photonics

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Photonics

• Photonics Devices System Overview

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What is Optoelectronics /Photonics Is there any
Difference ?

• Optoelectronics
• Any device that operates as an
  electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical
  transducer.
• Photonics
• "Photonics" comes from "photon" which is the
  smallest unit of light just as an electron is the
  smallest unit of electricity. "Photonics is the
  generation, process and manipulation of photon to
  achieve a certain function.

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Why Do We Need Photonics instead of Electronics?

• An All - Pervasive Technology
• 1) Uninhibited light travels thousands of times
  faster than electrons in computer chips. Optical
  computers will compute thousand of times faster
  than any electronic computer can ever achieve due
  to the physical limitation differences between
  light and electricity.
• Can packed more wavelengths (that is information
  channels) into a optical fibre so that the
  transmission bandwidth is increased than
  conventional copper wires.
• Light encounters no electromagnetic interference
  than that of electron in copper wires.

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What is a photonic transistor?

• A transistor is a switch that is turned on and
  off by signals from other switches. They perform
  logic, store information and are the work horses
  of digital computing. Photonic transistors use
  light to perform the switching functions that are
  performed by electronic transistors in
  conventional computers.

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OPTOELECTRONICS application

• Displays.
• Display
• alarm clock, TV and video recorder,
• microwave cooker and some ovens.
• Liquid crystal displays
• watches, calculators, telephones,
• portable radios, tape and CD players
• office machines such as faxes and copiers.
• Most laptop computers Large flat screen TVs
  have liquid crystal displays.

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• Communications.
• A phone call outside local area
• To link computers, outside broadcast TV cameras,
  
• Banks, Stock Exchange dealing rooms, etc.
• Cameras.
• Camcorders and Digital still cameras
• depend on a high quality multi- component
  optical lens.
• Entertainment.
• TV remote controller
• sends a coded infra-red beam to the set. CD
  player uses a laser diode

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• Manufacturing.
• Lasers are being used for cutting and welding .
• Clothes made in large quantity are cut to shape
  using a laser.
• The gears in car have probably been welded to
  the shaft using a laser.
• The symbols all over the dashboard have been
  produced using a different type of laser to
  remove the black overcoat from a colored.

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CAREERS INVOLVING OPTOELECTRONICS

• Optoelectronics Engineer .
• Biological Researcher and Technician
• uses microscopes with video camera attachment .
• Civil Engineer
• uses a laser beam with a theodelite to create a
  straight line over long distances to measure the
  angle of a proposed road bridge from a
  reference position.
• Auto focus camera lens designer
• uses computer programs to design the lens, the
  sensors and electronics to measure the sharpness
  of the image to control the focus, and CAD
  (Computer Aided Design) to design the components
  and housings.
• Heating Engineer
• uses a Thermal Imaging camera to give a high
  quality picture showing the temperature
  distribution across a scene.
• Communications System Installer
• couples optical fibers to electronic systems to
  route the information between computers, monitors
  etc. or to control a production machine.

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• Conservation Specialist
• uses laser beams to blast away the grime that
  has built up on buildings and statues
• Environmental Inspector
• uses a laser beam projected into the smoke plume
  from a factory to monitor the levels of the
  different gases emitted .
• Quality Control Inspector
• uses apparatus which measures the precise color
  spectrum of the food product .
• Surgeon
• uses a slip-on device over the patients thumb
  which monitors an infra-red beam to continuously
  measure the pulse rate. Also inserts a fiber
  optic endoscope into the patient with a camera
  attached.
• Skilled Machinist
• uses various types of laser beam under computer
  control
• e.g. to cut holes finer than a human hair,
• treat or decorate the metal surface,
• join components together in a vacuum

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Technology - SCOPE

• Light wave communications
• Consumer Photonics
• Pervasive computing

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Optoelectronics Devices System Overview

• From System Perspective

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System Structure
Optoelectronic Communication System Structure
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Optoelectronic Components
Typical Optoelectronic Components
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Optoelectronics in Optical Communication System

• Next figure Network Example shows
  characteristics of Long-Haul Networks and how
  these are tied into the multiple regional
  backbone providers for residential, cellular, and
  corporate networks.

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Network Example
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Substrate Material Waveguide

• Assembly processes are being evaluated to couple
  the signal from the waveguide to an active
  optical component.
• The key issues are component-to-waveguide
  assembly methods, equipment to minimize
  interfacial optical signal loss, alignment
  variations, and long-term stability.

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Waveguides in PWB Technology
Example of Waveguides in PWB Technology