????:??????? Social life

1
???????????Social life organization Behavior
?6?????????

• ???
• ????????????????

• ?????????,????CC??????????????????2.5?????

2
???? vs. ????
??????????
3
???????

• 1. ??
• 2. ??
• 3. ??
• 4. ??
• 1, 2 ?????,3, 4 ????????

4
???????

• ????????????
• ? ??!
• ? ???????

5
???????????

• ??????
• ??????
• ??????
• ???????
• ??????????

6
???? ????

• ?????????
• ????,??
• ???????????????,???????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????,????????????

7
??

• ????????
• ????,1-2 ????
• ??????,??????(?10100??)
• ???????????????(?????????)
• ???????????????????(aggregation, not real social
  living)

8
??

• ex. ??????? gt 100??
• ?????????(echelon formation),?2-10??
• ex. ?????????????, ?5-50??
• (??????)
• ???????????? (food availability)

9
??

• ????????????,???????????
• ???(defensive circle),???????????
• ?????????,??????
• ????????(wildebeest),????????

10
???????(defensive circle)

• ?????????,??????,???????(Defensive
  circle),?????????

11
??? ????

• ???? (At Breeding ground )
• ???????????,???????????????
• ??? ????(escort)
• ???? (At Feeding ground)
• ????????
• ???????,????
• ???????,??????

12
?? ??

• ????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????? (Limited co-operation)
• ????
• ?????????

13
?? ??

• ????????????
• ??? Promiscuous mating system
• (??????????? monogamous)
• ???????(no long-term bond)

14
??

• ??????,???????
• ?????????? ????????
• ????,????????

15
??

• ????
• ????
• ?????????????????
• ????
• ????(?or?)?????????????

16
?????????

• ?????(????)
• ?????
• ???????,???????????????
• ??????
• ????????,??????????

17
???? ???

• ?????1-50
• ??????5????(school types)
• ??????????????????????(nursery, harem, juvenile,
  bachelor, bull)
• ??????????????
• ???????,?????????????

18
???? ????

• ????,?????????????
• ?????
• ??????(social hierarchy)
• ??????????????????
• ?????????
• by B. Wursig in Argentina
• by R. Wells in Florida
• by R. Conner in W Australia

19
???? ????

• ???? ????????
• ?????????? (Fission-Fusion)
• ????
• ?????????????,?????????

20
????

• ????
• ????,?????????
• ?????
• ??(?????????)
• ???????????
• ???????????
• ????
• ???2-3?????

21
???? (spinner dolphin)

• ???????????
• ????20-1000???
• ????
• ??????,??????
• ??????,??????
• ?????????????
• ????,?????

22
?? ??? (resident)

• ???(matrilineal group, MG)
• 2-9??old? ??
• ????
• ??(subpod, extended family group)
• 2-12 MG???????????
• ??(pod)
• 10-20 (12-50)?,1-3???????????
• ??????????????,???????
• ??????(unique dialect)

23
?? ??????????????????
??? resident ??? transient
???? ??500Km ??630Km??
???? ??,???? ??,????
?? ???? ?????
???? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ????
24
???? ???

• ?????(pelagic species)
• ?????????
• ????????????????
• ?????10-50 (100)?

25
???? ???

• ?????????
• ????,?????,???????????
• ????(ex ????????)
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????,??????

26
?????????

• ??????
• ????
• ????(photo-ID, ID identification)
• ????????
• ?????(biopsy sampling), DNA??
• ????(Group association)
• ????????

27
????
Flickr Cheetah100
Flickr marfis75
28
?????(biopsy sampling)

• ????????,??????,???????????,??????,????????????,??
  ????
• ??http//whale.wheelock.edu/whalenet-stuff/report
  s/rw_biopsy.html

29
Rissos dolphins(????)
??????????
30
?????? ????

• ????(Coefficient of Association Index, COA)
• Nab A, B?????????
• Na or Nb ????A?B???
• ????? 0 1
• ?????????????????o,?????????????1?

31
?????????

• ????
• ?????????? (promiscuous)
• ??????????????
• ??????????
• ??????????????(polygynous)
• ????????,?????????????
• ????? (fidelity to sites)

32

• ????????????????,????????????,?????????????????

33
???? ??(Aggression)

• ??????
• ?????????
• ex. ????????
• ????(tail-slapping),????(tail-swishing),????(breac
  hing)?

34
???? ?? Aggression

• ????
• ???? (for feeding competition)
• ???,?? (push shove)?
• ????for (mating competition)
• ???,??2-6???????,????(pushing)????(heading)????

35
???? ?? (Aggression)

• ????
• ?????????
• ???????????
• ex. ??????
• ????(hierarchy)
• ex. ?????
• ????(tusk action)
• ???? or ????(broken tusk)

36
???? ?? (Aggression)

• ????(sexual dimorphism)
• ???????,??????
• ???????
• ???????????
• ????????
• ???/??/??

37
???? ?? (parental care)

• ?? ?????(??)
• ?? (or ??) ???????
• ??????(Aunts)???
• ????
• ??????????,??????
• ?????????(ex. ???)

38
???? ?? (parental care)

• ???????????
• ???????????????(Norris),??????????
• ??????,???????
• ???? (epimeletic behaviour)
• ??????(supporting behavior)
• ????????????

39
???? ?? (parental care)

• Ex. ???
• ????20 kg
• ???????1/3???
• ?????????
• ????communal suckling
• ????????????

40
???? ?? (parental care)

• ????????, ????(bond)??,???????????
• ???????????????(Spacing function)
• ?????????????????

41
???? ?????

• ????????
• ?????????????
• ??????
• ????????????
• ????????

42
???? ???(?? Courtship)

• ??
• ???? (sperm competition)
• ???????????
• ???????
• Ex. ???,?500??,??????????
• ?? ???

43
???? ???(?? Courtship)

• ????????
• ??????,?????
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ??????????,????????,?????????

44
?????

• ??????
• ????????
• ??,??/????,????????
• ?????
• ????????
• ???????

45
???? ???(?? Courtship)

• ??
• ??
• ?????
• ????,?? or ??(????)?
• ??
• ???????(breaching)????(flipper contact)

46
???? ??PlayWhy?

• ?????????
• Ex. ?????
• ??????(breaching),????????80??
• ?????,????????????
• ?????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????
• ??????????,???????

47
??????

• ??
• http//www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/kil
  ler-whale/birth--care.htm
• http//www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/bot
  tlenose/birth--care.htm
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNsk4u0IMmTEfeature
  related
• ??
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vTMCf7SNUb-Qfeature
  related

48
????
?? ???? ??/??
??????????
Hbk33 ???????http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMarguerite_formation.png
??????? http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File100B2053.jpgfilehistory
Flickr Cheetah100 http//www.flickr.com/photos/devcentre/130663011/
Flickr marfis75 http//www.flickr.com/photos/marfis75/2980045999/
??????????
49
????
?? ???? ??/??
??????????
??????????
??????????



50
????

• ????????????????????,????????
• ?????????????? http//ecology.lifescience.ntu.edu
  .tw/index.htm
• ?????????02-3366-2468

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