Antarctica Animals

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Antarctica Animals

• By Trenton

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Krill

• http//www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/scien
  ce/marinelife.shtml
• Many hoped krill would provide a cheap,
  protein-rich food for the world's famine-plagued
  regions.
• However, despite being relatively easy to
  catch, krill have proved costly to process and
  difficult to market.
• Krill must be processed very rapidly or their
  tissues begin to break down, turning black and
  mushy.
• Japan and Russia, which now do most of the
  krill fishing, have perfected equipment for
  peeling and processing krill rapidly.

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Penguins

• http//www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/scien
  ce/marinelife.shtml
• The penguins are the best known and most
  numerous of all Antarctic birds.
• They are stocky, flightless birds with wings
  reduced to flippers with which they propel
  themselves through the water.
• The common Adelies stand 60 to 70 centimeters
  high, while the emperor, largest of the penguins,
  stands up to 1.2 meters high and weighs up to 41
  kilograms (95 pounds).
• Penguins nest in large, dense colonies, some
  with 180,000 or more birds the sight, smell, and
  noise of any colony are unforgettable.
• Most build nests of stone and there they
  incubate one or two eggs.
• Only the emperors breed in winter on the ice
  along the coast, and they remain in Antarctica
  permanently.
• Like most Antarctic sea birds, they have
  evolved to gain features that help conserve body
  heat--waterproof plumage, a layer of subcutaneous
  fat, large and compact bodies.

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Antarctica

• http//www.allaboutnature.com/school/Antarctica/An
  imalprintouts.shtml
• Antarctica, the frozen continent surrounding the
  Earth's South Pole, and the frigid seas
  surrounding it, are home to many animals. In
  particular, the Antarctic seas are teeming with
  life, ranging from microscopic plankton to the
  biggest animal that ever lived on Earth, the Blue
  whale.
• The South Pole is the coldest, windiest, and
  driest place on Earth. The coldest temperature
  ever recorded on Earth was at the South Pole it
  went down to -128.6F (-88.0C)! The Antarctic
  land does not support many life forms. Most of
  the land of Antarctica is a frozen desert, with
  less precipitation than the Sahara Desert (under
  2 inches 5 cm a year). Oddly enough, 70 of the
  world's fresh water is frozen in the region of
  the South Pole.
• All of the Antarctic animals have adapted to life
  in extremely cold conditions. Some, like the
  whales, seals, and birds, have an insulating
  layer of fat to protect them from the cold.
  Others, like many fish and insects, have special
  chemicals in their blood (natural antifreeze
  proteins) that keep them from freezing. Many
  animals (like penguins and seals) have a compact
  body form and thick skin to help retain body
  heat. Birds also have waterproof plumage
  (feathers) and downy insulating feathers.
• Some animals leave Antarctica during its
  horrendous coldest months, from June until
  August. Animals like the Humpback whale migrate
  to warmer waters to reproduce after eating huge
  amounts of krill in Antarctic waters. Many other
  animals (like the Emperor penguin) remain at the
  South Pole year-round.

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Seals and Whales

• http//www.antarctica.ac.uk/About_Antarctica/Wildl
  ife/Whales_and_Seals/index.html
• Whales and seals are the two groups of marine
  mammals to be found in the Southern Ocean where
  they are an important part of the marine
  ecosystem.
• There are two natural groups of whales, toothed
  and baleen. The toothed whales include the large
  sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) together
  with various smaller dolphins and porpoises,
  which prey on fish and squid, and killer whales
  (Orcinus orca ) which prey on fish, penguins,
  seals and whales. The baleen whales, such as the
  blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus ) and humpback
  ( Megaptera novaeangliae ), have fibrous plates
  of baleen instead of teeth, which they use to
  strain plankton from seawater.
• There are also two natural groups of seals, true
  seals and fur seals ( Arctocephalus gazella )
  which are related to sea-lions. Depending on
  species, seals feed on fish and squid and/or
  krill. The leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx ) is
  also a predator of penguins and other seals.
  Thick layers of blubber beneath the skin of both
  whales and seals, act as a food reserve and
  insulation. Most seals also have a layer of fur,
  giving additional insulation on land.
• Seals can leave the water and move on terrain to
  breed, rest and molt. Of the six Antarctic
  species, four are ice habitat specialists,
  breeding on the sea ice in spring. Leopard (
  Hydrurga leptonyx ) and Ross seals ( Ommatophoca
  rossii ) tend to be solitary, whereas Weddell (
  Leptonychotes weddellii ) and Crabeater seals (
  Lobodon carcinophagus ) form loose breeding
  aggregations.
• Antarctic fur seals ( Arctocephalus gazella ) and
  elephant seals ( Mirounga leonina ) are both
  found north of the pack-ice zone and breed in
  dense colonies on beaches. Here, dominant males
  (bulls) maintain harems of females (cows) in set
  territories. In constantly defending these, bulls
  will not forage at sea, relying instead on
  blubber reserves laid down in the previous
  winter. All seals breed annually and the timing
  of pup production and associated behavior is
  linked to habitat and ecology. Mating occurs
  after the pup rearing period, though a fertilized
  egg will not implant in the uterus until later in
  the year.

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Antarctica an Whales

• http//library.thinkquest.org/26442/html/life/sea.
  html?tqskip11
• The Southern Ocean and the seas around it does
  have a variety of marine life, both small and
  large. It includes the phytoplankton and krill
  which are so tiny and also includes the whales
  which is the largest animal on earth.
• Antarctica is the coldest continent on planet
  Earth, covered with snow and ice all year round.
  Yet, various plants and animals are hardy enough
  to survive on this hostile terrain.
• Whales are the largest animals in world,
  specially blue whale with his length up to 30m
  and a weight up to 180 tons. But there are many
  species of baleen whales found in Antarctic
  waters like the fin, humpback, sea, mince, and
  the right whale. There are also six species of
  toothed whales Sperm, Killer, bottlenose, four
  tooth whale and Dolphins

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