The End of WWI

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• The End of WWI Outcomes
• Armistice Day
• November 11, 1918 1100 AM
• (the 11th month of the 11th day of the 11th
  hour, 1918)

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OBJECTIVES

1. Who won WWI?
2. What made this victory possible?
3. What were the short and long-term effects of WWI?

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Major Outcomes of WWI

• Winners of WWI
• Human Cost?Casualty numbers
• Map of Europe changes?end of Empires
• Global Impacts
• Mandate System
• Colonies seek independence
• Rising Nationalism
• Worldwide Depression

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A. The Winners

• The Allied Powers
• US entry
• Russia leaves
• Central powers leaving 1 by 1 (resources
  depleted)

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B. Immediate Effects-Human Cost

• Casualty numbers
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animatio
  ns/wwone_movies/index_embed.shtml

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C. Map of Europe Changes End of Russian,
Austria-Hungarian, Ottoman, German Empires
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D. Global Impacts 1. Mandate System

• France and GB gain land in Middle East
• Angered Arabs?promised independence

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2. Colonies Seek Independence

• Colonies fought in behalf of imperial power
• Desired independence after war
• Historically similar cultures assemble
• Pan-Africanism
• Pan-Arabism

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3. Rising Nationalism

• Soviet Union (Russia)?Lenin/Stalin
• Turkey?Ataturk (modernize, secularize)
• Pan-Africanism
• South Africa?Apartheid
• Egypt?indep. in 1922, GB still control monarch
• Pan-Arabism (mandate countries)
• Promised independence?no
• Desire to unified Arab Nation, ctrled by Arabs

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4. Worldwide Depression
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Why did the world experience depression in the
1930s?

• Germany was forced to pay huge reparations
  (payment for war damages) after World War I.
  These payments totaled 33 billion dollars. The
  German government responded by simply printing
  more money. This caused inflation. By 1923, it
  took 4.2 trillion German marks to equal 1 U.S.
  dollar.
• The above, combined with the excessive expansion
  of credit, low farm prices, and the Stock Market
  Crash of 1929 contributed to worldwide depression.

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What was the impact of worldwide depression?

• High unemployment in industrial countries.
• Bank failures and collapse of credit.
• Collapse of prices in world trade.
• The rise of totalitarian leaders (Hitler,
  Mussolini, and Stalin).
• Nazi Partys growing importance in Germany Nazi
  Partys blame of European Jews for economic
  collapse.
• Depression weakened western democracies more
  difficult to challenge the threat of
  totalitarianism.

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Hitler (seated on right) and fellow soldiers
during World War I.
Hitler volunteered to fight in WWI at age 25
Throughout most of the war, Hitler had great luck
avoiding life-threatening injury. More than once
he moved away from a spot where moments later a
shell exploded killing or wounding everyone.
Corporal Hitler was a dispatch runner, taking
messages back and forth from the command staff in
the rear to the fighting units near the
battlefield.
In August 1918, Hitler received the Iron Cross
1st Class, a rarity for foot soldiers.
Interestingly, the lieutenant who recommended him
for the medal was a Jew
"There followed terrible days and even worse
nights I knew that all was lost...in these
nights hatred grew in me, hatred for those
responsible for this deed." Written about the
WWI armistice, in Mein Kampf
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Causes Significant events/people/innovations Short-term Effects Long-term Reverberations