End of WWI

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End of WWI
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Germanys Final Blow

• Russia left the War in 1917
• Germany felt this was their chance to win

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Battle of the Argonne Forest Sept.-Oct., 1918
The battle was fought in an attempt to push
Germany further out of France.
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After forty-seven days and heavy casualties,
the Germans retreated.
American gunners battle through the Argonne
Forest.
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2nd Battle of Marne

• 2 million American troops arrive
• 350 tanks
• Slowly move towards Germany (counterattack)
• November 9, 1918-Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down.

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Swooping in from the West.
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Counter-Attack by Allies
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2nd Battle of Marne
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Peace Process

• Over 32 countries meet
• Big four make the decisions Woodrow Wilson of
  U.S. Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd
  George of Great Britain, and Vittorio Orlando of
  Italy.
• Met at the Palace of Versailles in Paris for 1
  year debating aims of peace

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Wilson, Clemenceau, George, Orlando
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Wilsons Fourteen Points

• 1-5free trade, reduced national armies and
  navies (no secret treaties)
• 6-13changing borders and new nationsSelf
  Determination (allowing people to decide
  themselves about what govt they have)
• 14general association of nations that could
  solve conflicts

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Treaty of Versailles ( ends WWI)

• All German territories made mandates of other
  European powers
• Germany must assume guilt and pay for war damages
  (reparations)
• No independence given to any colonies
• Japan and Italy gain less land than they expected
• Americans do not support the League of Nations
• Treaty built on quicksand

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Versailles Treaty
- Germany was forced to
take full blame for the war
completely disarm
pay huge reparations to the Allies
give up its colonies to the Allies
Germany was an angry, humiliated nation,
setting the stage for World War II.
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- Based on the goal of self-determination, many
new nations were formed.
Examples Finland, Poland, Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia
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Adios, dandelion! I guess my work here is done!
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League of Nations

• International cooperative organization
• Established to prevent future wars
• United States not a member
• Failure of League because it did not have power
  to enforce its decisions

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- The Allies agreed to form the League of Nations.
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The mandate system .

• During World War I, Great Britain and France
  agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman
  Empire in the Middle East between themselves.
• After the war, the mandate system gave Great
  Britain and France control over the lands that
  became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British
  control) and Syria and Lebanon (French control).
• The division of the Ottoman Empire through the
  mandate system planted the seeds for future
  conflicts in the Middle East.

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Legacy of the War

• Over 8.5 million soldiers die
• 21 million wounded-countless number of Civilian
  deaths
• 338 billion dollars in war
• Loss of a generation

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New Weapons
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Allied Troop looking at enemy lines
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New Weapons
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Entente Powers
Military Deaths
Total Deaths
Military Wounded
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Pre-Quiz

• 1. The Germans final blow came at the 2nd Battle
  of ___________.
• 2. What country made its first appearance in this
  battle?
• 3. Which of the following leaders of the Big
  Four is not correct? A)Wilson-U.S.
• B)Clemenceau-Great Britain, C)Orlando-Italy, D)
  All are correct

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• 4. Woodrow Wilsons plan for peace was referred
  to as the __________ _______.
• 5. The 14th point of this plan was to form a
  general association of _______that could solve
  conflicts.
• 6. The Treaty of _________ attempted to resolve
  disputes after WWI.

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• 7. The League of Nations was established to
  prevent future ___________.
• 8. In the Treaty of Versailles, ________ had to
  accept guilt and blame for WWI.
• 9. The U.S. _______ (did or did not) support the
  League of Nations.

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• 10. The League of Nations failed because it did
  not have any __________.
• 11. What system gave Great Britain control of
  countries in the Middle East.