Causes of WWI

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World War I Notes
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Causes of WWI MANIA!

• Militarism - policy of building up a strong
  military to prepare for war

Alliances agreements between nations to provide
aid and protect on another
Nationalism extreme pride in ones country
Imperialism when one country takes over another
country economically and politically.
Assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis
Ferdinand
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Militarism
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10
Britain 13
Russia 39
Germany 73
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Alliances

• Triple Alliance

• Triple Entente

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Nationalism

• At the settlement of the Congress of Vienna in
  1815, the principle of nationalism was ignored in
  favor of preserving the peace. Germany and Italy
  were left as divided states, but strong
  nationalist movements and revolutions led to the
  unification of Italy in 1861 and that of Germany
  in 1871. Another result was that France lost
  Alsace-Lorraine to Germany, and regaining it was
  a major goal of the French. Nationalism posed a
  problem for Austria-Hungary and the Balkans,
  areas comprised of many conflicting national
  groups. The ardent Pan Slavism of Serbia and
  Russia's willingness to support its Slavic
  brother conflicted with Austria-Hungary's
  Pan-Germanism.

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Imperialism

• Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign
  markets after the increase in manufacturing
  caused by the Industrial Revolution.

• These countries competed for economic expansion
  in Africa. Although Britain and France resolved
  their differences in Africa, several crises
  foreshadowing the war involved the clash of
  Germany against Britain and France in North
  Africa.

• In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire
  was alluring to Austria-Hungary, the Balkans and
  Russia.

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European Conquest of Africa
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• TheSpark

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Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
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Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in
Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist group called the
Black Hand who believed that Bosnia should belong
to Serbia.
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Domino Effect

• Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinands death and
  declared war on Serbia.

Germany pledged their support for Austria
-Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
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Domino Effect

• Germany declares war on Russia.

France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war
on Germany.
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Allied Powers

• Central Powers

World War I
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What new weapons were used in WWI?

• Machine gun
• Poison gas
• Submarine
• Airplane
• Tank
• Why these weapons? Why now?

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!
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Why was WWI a Stalemate?

• Whats a stalemate?
• Neither side can make a move to win.
• Machine gun. How did this change war? How was it
  fought before?
• Trench Warfare solution.
• Millions die without gaining ground.

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Americas entry into WWI

• What were the reasons for the US to enter WWI?

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Lusitania
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German alliance with Mexico
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Wartime Goals p.380

• Based on the quote below from Woodrow Wilson,
  what was our goal in WWI?
• Property can be paid for the lives of peaceful
  and innocent people cannot be. The present
  German submarine warfare against commerce is a
  warfare against mankind. . . . We are
  glad . . . to fight . . . for the ultimate peace
  of the world and for the liberation of its
  peoples . . . The world must be made safe for
  democracy . . . . We have no selfish ends to
  serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We
  seek no indemnities . . . .It is a fearful thing
  to lead this great peaceful people into war . . .
  . But the right is more precious than peace.

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World War I -- America on the Homefront "The
Poster War"
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War Mobilization
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1. Enlistment
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The Most Famous Recruitment Poster
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Uncle SamHe the Man!
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Dont Mess with the U. S.
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Huns Kill Women and Children!
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The Little Soldier
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1917 Selective Service Act

• 24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the
  end of 1918.
• 4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw
  active combat).
• 400,000 African-Americansserved in segregated
  units.
• 15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts,
  messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.

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2. Expansion of the Federal Government
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Council of National Defense

• War Industries Board Bernard Baruch
• Food Administration
• Herbert Hoover
• Fuel Administration
• National War Labor Board W. H.Taft
  Frank P. Walsh

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U. S. Food Administration
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U. S. Food Administration
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U. S. Food Administration
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National War Garden Commission
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U. S. School Garden Army
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U. S. Shipping Board
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U. S. Fuel Administration
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U. S. Fuel Administration
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Results of This New Organization of the Economy?

1. Unemployment virtually disappeared.
2. Expansion of big government.
3. Excessive govt. regulations in eco.
4. Some gross mismanagement ? overlapping
   jurisdictions.
5. Close cooperation between public and private
   sectors.
6. Unprecedented opportunities for disadvantaged
   groups.

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New Social/Economic Opportunities
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1. Women
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YWCA The Blue Triangle
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Munitions Work
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The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit!
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Women Used In Recruitment
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Even Grandma Buys Liberty Bonds
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The Red Cross - Greatest Mother in the World
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The Red Cross Nurse
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2. African-Americans
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Opportunities for African-Americans in WW1

• Great Migration. 1916 1919 ? 70,000
• War industries work.
• Enlistment in segregated units.

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True Sons of Freedom
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African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for
France
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3. New American Immigrants
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The Flag of Liberty Represents All of Us!
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We are ALL Americans!
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United War Work Campaign
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Wartime Propaganda
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The Committee of Public Information (George Creel)

• Americas Propaganda Minister?
• Anti-Germanism.
• Selling American Culture.

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Remember Belgium
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The Mad Brute
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Beat Back the Hun
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The Menace of the Seas
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Creel Commission Film
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Attacks on Civil Liberties
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Government Excess Threats to the Civil
Liberties of Americans
1. Espionage Act 1917 - forbade actions
that obstructed recruitment or
efforts to promote insubordination in the
military. - ordered the Postmaster General
to remove Leftist materials from the
mail. - fines of up to 10,000 and/or
up to 20 years in prison.
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Government Excess Threats to the Civil
Liberties of Americans
2. Sedition Act 1918 - it was a crime to
speak against the purchase of war bonds or
willfully utter, print, write or publish any
disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive
language about this form of US Govt., the US
Constitution, or the US armed forces or to
willfully urge, incite, or advocate any
curtailment of production of things
necessary or essential to the prosecution of
the warwith intent of such curtailment to
cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution
of the war.
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Government Excess Threats to the Civil
Liberties of Americans
3. Schenck v. US 1919 - in ordinary times the
mailing of the leaflets would have been
protected by the 1st Amendment. - BUT,
every act of speech must be judged acc. to
the circumstances in which it was spoken.
-The most stringent protection of free
speech would not protect a man in falsely
shouting fire in a theater and causing a
panic. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes - If an
act of speech posed a clear and present
danger, then Congress had the power to
restrain such speech.
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Impact of the US in WWI

• Read the first paragraph on p. 386 to answer the
  following question.
• Once the United States entered the war, what
  impact did that have on the Allies of WWI?
• What do you think would have happened if the
  United States decided to stay out of the war?

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Big Four

• Leader of the Allied countries (US, Great
  Britain, France and Italy) that came to decide
  the terms of the treaty.
• Wilson represented the US and he had a plan for
  the treaty called the 14 Points.
• His baby was the League of Nations.

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Wilsons 14 Points

• Besides the League of Nations, what were some of
  the other parts of his proposal?

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What were the results?

• Germany surrendered.
• Allies impose Treaty of Versailles.
• Declares Germany guilty for war.
• Germany must pay reparations to Allies.
• This sets the stage for WWII!
• League of Nations formed to try to prevent war in
  the future.

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Casualties?

• Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1
  65,038,810
• Total troops dead from all countries in
  WW18,556,315
• Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1
  21,219,452
• Total missing or POWs 7,750,945

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Irreconcilable Senators

• A group of Republican senators called the
  irreconcilables did not vote on the Treaty
  because they opposed the League of Nations.
• Wilson, determined to get the American people
  behind it, went on a speaking tour to rally
  citizens behind it but he suffered a stroke and
  failed to push the agenda.

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Post War Problems

• What did the troops experience when they returned
  home?
• Why did the citizens of the US go through a Red
  Scare?

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