WJTC 02 Dueouts

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UJTL-JTS-METLs and Capabilities
David K. Brown USFF N722A Dynamics Research
Corporation
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BLUF Executive Level METL Advocacy

• METL is very easy to say- but takes an
  Intellectual Capital investment to comprehend.
• Overarching guidance is pretty good and aligned.
• Transformation Programs are revolving around
  METL poles the Joint Training System is just
  one of them
• JTS, DRRS, JCIDS, T2, DODAF all require
  UJTL-METL knowledge.
• Answers calls for innovative improvement systems
  and best practices.
• Universal - Applicable across the D-I-M-E
  construct of employing national capabilities - or
  any other approach.

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Agenda

• Universal Joint Task List (UJTL) Framework
• UJTL Task Libraries
• The Mission Essential Task (MET) statement
• Mission Analysis to METL Process
• Applications
• Future

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Development Phases
Bewilderment
Confusion
Denial
Hostility
Understanding
Advocacy
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UJTL The Task Library

• UJTL is a task library
• Actually a collection of Task Libraries.
• Tasks with sample Measures
• SN Strategic National-
• Major DOD HQ level activities
• ST Strategic Theater-
• (For Some, the Theater is Global)
• OP Operational-
• Link Strategic Objectives with Tactical Actions
• TA Tactical (ne Interoperability)
• Service and Agency libraries link from the TA
  section.
• UJTL also houses a Conditions library

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Universal Task List Library
SN 1 CONDUCT STRATEGIC MOVEMENT
SN 2 DEVELOP STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE
SN 3 EMPLOY STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES
SN 4 PROVIDE STRATEGIC SUSTAINMENT
SN 5 PROVIDE STRATEGIC DIRECTION INTEGRATION
SN 6 PROTECT STATEGIC CAPABILITIES AND
INFRASTRUCTURE

ST 2 DEVELOP THEATER STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE
ST 5 PROVIDE THEATER STRATEGIC COMMAND AND CONTROL
ST 6 PROVIDE THEATER PROTECTION
ST 1 CONDUCT INTRATHEATER CONCENTRATION,
AND MANEUVER OF FORCES
ST 3 EMPLOY THEATER STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES
ST 4 SUSTAIN THEATER FORCES
OP 5 EXERCISE OPERATIONAL COMMAND CONTROL
OP 1 CONDUCT OPERATIONAL MOVEMENT MANEUVER
OP 2 DEVELOP OPERATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
OP 3 EMPLOY OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES
OP 4 PROVIDE OPERATIONAL SUPPORT
OP 6 PROVIDE OPERATIONAL PROTECTION
TACTICAL
Accomplish Objectives of
Actions and Activities
TA 1 MOVE FORCES AND CONDUCT ACTIVITIES
TA 2 DEVELOP KNOWLEDGE
TA 3 EMPLOY CAPABILTIES
TA 4 PERFORM LOGISTICS AND COMBAT SERVICE
SUPPORT
TA 5 EXERCISE COMMAND CONTROL
TA 6 PROTECT THE FORCE
UTL TAXONOMY Demilitarization of the language
used in the Library
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UJTL The Task Library

• Nature of War Most tasks should endure.
• Based on six functions
• Movement and Maneuver
• Sensing, Studying, Learning and Knowing what is
  going on
• (Intelligence, Surveillance and
  Reconnaissance)
• Employment of Capabilities
• (Current version very Heat, Blast and
  Fragmentation centric
• Sustainment/ Logistics
• Command and Control
• Planning, Communicating, Networking, and
  Publicizing
• Protection
• People, Systems and Infrastructure, Information,
  and the Environment
• Each section developed independently.
• Extra task sections added to emphasize hot
  button issues.
• Probably just Missions
• Always amenable for improvement as new missions
  and tasks are identified.
• Framing and placement very important.

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Centrality of UJTL

• - Uses UJTL as library of tasks to define
  mission requirements.
• Output is J/A METL, used to prioritize training
  requirements.

• DRRS documents task-centric readiness assessments
  based on joint and service mission essential task
  lists.

Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS)
Joint Training System (JTS)
Joint Capabilities Development and Integration
System (JCIDS)
Capabilities-Based Planning System

• Acquisition portfolios defined by JCAs
• JCAs defined by a UJTL task templates linked to
  Service task lists.

• SECDEF directed focus on capabilities
• Uses JCA mapping framework linked to UJTL Task
  templates and Service task lists.

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Tasks in the Libraries are.

• Universal and potentially enduring
• Discrete events or actions (Finite, distinct, and
  measurable)
• Just the action or activity The WHAT that
  must be done
• Doctrinally based - or as defined in developing
  concepts
• Activities/ results visible outside the
  organization
• Potential sources for crafting Mission statements
• Doctrinally, a mission is a Task with a
  purpose.
• Capable of being improved, advanced, or clarified

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Tasks in the Libraries are not.

• Statements that say WHO
• Statements that say HOW or define a system or a
  process
• Statements that say WHY
• Statements that include the environment
• Thats why we have Conditions
• Duplicative of other Tasks
• Not Plan ASW or Plan IO but Plan
• Just new ways of saying the same thing
• Necessarily perfectly written or placed in best
  location
• In need of many adjectives or adverbs

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New Tasks

• CJCSM 3500.02 UJTL Policy and Guidance
• If an approved UJTL task does not fully describe
  the
• action or function required by a commander
• (1) Use conditions and standards to more
  accurately set the parameters of the task.
• (2) If specific conditions and standards do not
  adequately meet the task description requirements
  . task submission process detailed in UJTL
  instruction must be used to recommend a new task
  (or changes to existing tasks).

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UJTL The Framework for METS

• Lays out the common framework for
• Stating mission requirements
• Planning across DOTMLPF
• Defining capabilities
• Assembling DODAF architectures
• Measuring performance
• Reporting readiness
• Mission Essential Task (MET) framework
• Do this Task. under these Conditions. to this
  Standard.

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METL Terms

• Mission - The task, together with the purpose,
  that clearly indicates the action to be taken and
  the reason therefore.
• Essential - Absolutely necessary indispensable
  critical.
• Task - A discrete event or action, not specific
  to a single unit, weapon system, or individual
  that enables a mission or function to be
  accomplished.
• Mission Essential Task List (METL) - A list of
  tasks considered essential to the accomplishment
  of the mission. A METL includes associated
  conditions and standards and may identify
  command-linked and supporting tasks.

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Conditions The Environment

• Conditions are variables of the operational
  environment or situation that may affect
  performance.
• Categorized as physical, military or civil.
• Environment is the immediate situation or
  circumstance in which tasks must be performed
  (e.g. Air temperature).
• "Relevant" conditions go in MET statements. They
  frame level of difficulty for task (and mission)
  performance.
• Conditions linked to tasks in the METL are ones
  that will impact achievement of task standards.
• Conditions work for PMESII, DIME, DIME-FIL,
  METT-TC, etc plus help us get to Effects and
  Risk.

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Conditions
1.0 Physical Environment
2.0 Military Environment
3.0 Civil Environment
2.1 Mission 2.2 Forces 2.3 Command, Control,
Communications 2.4 Intelligence 2.5 Deployment,
Movement, Maneuver 2.6 Firepower 2.7
Protection 2.8 Sustainment 2.9 Threat 2.10
Conflict
1.1 Land 1.2 Sea 1.3 Air 1.4 Space 1.5 Cyber
3.1 Political Policies 3.2 Culture 3.3 Economy
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Conditions

• Example
• Reference number and title C 1.2.1.7 Sea
  Room
• Definition
• Availability of space for maritime maneuver.
  Includes dynamic factors such as confining ice,
  submerged wrecks, or potentially damaging
  floating objects such as logs. Applies
  especially to coastal, polar, littoral, or
  riverine environments.
• Descriptors
• Unrestricted (open ocean) Moderate (some
  confining factors) Confined (coastal and
  riverine waters)

• No inherent Likert scale from the Library. Only
  from context of a METL!

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STANDARDS, Measures Criteria
Standard Measure Criterion

• Measures
• Distinguish among varying levels of task
  performance
• Allow commanders to establish standards
  consistent with mission requirements
• Provide basis for evaluation and assessment of
  performance (e.g., Task performance evaluation
  and readiness assessment)
• Criteria Same as Balanced Scorecard Targets

- Multiple standards are the norm Inputs,
Processes, and Outputs/ Results - Aligns with
best performance management practices
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Measures Performance Dimensions

• Commander may require measures of different
  dimensions of performance to describe required
  level of performance
• Time to Perform
• Rate of Movement
• Accuracy
• Completeness
• Durability/Reliability
• Power
• Cost
• Pk

• Range/Mobility
• Lead Time
• Effectiveness
• Coordination
• Integration
• Efficiency
• Availability
• Safety

In CBA primer, also called Attributes
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MET Measures Guidance

• Categories Input, Process, Output, Outcome
• Focus on Process and Outcome (or Product)
• Simple,
• Reflect commanders guidance
• Reflect understanding of task and its
  contribution to mission success.
• Sensitive to impact of changing conditions
• GO-No Go measures discouraged
• Use both absolute and relative scales
• Criteria set by capabilities inherent in
  DOTMLPF system design

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MET Linkages

• METLs are not isolated- but LINKED to supporting/
  supported Commands.
• Linkages will key views for the Comprehensive
  Approach and development of new supporting
  capabilities.
• Supporting tasks are performed by
  organizations within Commanders/ leaders/
  directors span of control.
• - E.g. Local org supports regional/state
  authority which supports national authority
• Command-linked tasks are performed by
  organizations outside of the Commanders /
  leaders/directors control.
• - E.g. Dept of Transportation supports each
  level federal, state and local
• Links key network views.
• Links connect Analysis of Alternatives and lay
  pathways for Modeling and Simulation (MS)
  efforts in training and development.

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The METL Process
Common Language/ Framework
Mission Analysis
Universal Task Library
METs
Operating Concepts
Level of War
Plans/Orders
Orgs Task Library
Specify Conditions
Doctrine
Mission Essential Criteria
Assigned Missions
TTP, Best Practices, Local Knowledge, Lessons
Learned
Establish Standards
Annotate Supported Tasks
Specified Tasks
Leaders Guidance
METL
Implied Tasks
ID Command-Linked Tasks
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Top-Down MISSION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES TASKS
IRREGULAR WARFARE
Joint Planning Execution
Joint Mission Requirements (JMET)
Mission C
SN 8.1 Support Other Nations or Groups SN 2.2.4
Manage Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance (ISR) Capabilities SN 5.5.11
Manage Cyberspace Operations SN 9.3 Synchronize
Counter-proliferation (CP) Programs SN 9.4.8
Assess the Global Weapons of Mass Destruction
(WMD) Situation
NCA/NSC
Mission B
Mission A
Combatant Commander

Concept of Opns
Assist country YY
Strategic
ST 2.1.9 Manage Intelligence Agreements with
Foreign Nations ST 2.5.2 Integrate Intelligence
into Theater Operations ST 5.2.4 Review
International Security Considerations ST 5.4.4
Conduct Theater Security Cooperation (TSC) ST
8.4.2 Conduct Counterterrorism ST 9.7 Conduct
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Offensive
Operations in Theater
JFC A
JFC B
Concept of Opns
JFC C
Gain and Maintain National Stability
OP 3.3.3 Conduct Multilateral Peace Operations
OP 5.7 Coordinate and Integrate
Joint/Multinational and Interagency Support OP
5.8.3 Conduct Community Relations Program OP 7.1
Enable Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction
(CWMD) Operations in Joint Operations Area (JOA)
Operational
NAVFOR- NFC - TF IW?
MARFOR
ARFOR
Concept of Opns
NAVFOR
NTA 1.1.2.4 Conduct Tactical Insertion and
Extraction NTA 1.2.8 Conduct Route and Road
Reconnaissance NTA 1.3.2 Clear Minefields,
Barriers and Obstacles NTA 1.5.8 Conduct
Unconventional Warfare NTA 3.2.9 Conduct
Non-lethal Engagement NTA 4.7 Perform Civil
Military Engineering Support NTA 5.4.4 Establish
Liaisons NTA 6.3.1.2 Protect/secure
Installations, Facilities and Personnel
Conduct Defensive Counter-air
AFFOR
Tactical
SOC
CSG

ARG
IW CDR
NECC Det
Concept of Opns
CNIC Det
Navy Planning Execution
Navy Mission Requirements (NMET)
NNWC Det
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Joint Training System
Requirements
Plans
METLs and Linkages Tasks, Conditions and Standards
JTPs / Exercises/ Experiments/ Wargames Events
and Resources w/ Costs
IMPROVE MISSION READINESS
Assessment
Execution
ROI Validation Readiness Indicators Lessons
Learned and New Ideas for DOTMLPF Solutions
Performance, Experience and Resource Data
Observations
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Requirements Phase
Fleet Support to Operations Context
Navy Missions
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Sample MET

• Task OP 3.2.5.1 Conduct Air Interdiction of
  Operational Forces/Targets
• Conditions
• C.2.1.3 Mission Prep (Partial)
• C 2.2.4 Personnel Capability (Proficient)
• C 2.2.5.3 Systems Reliability (Adequate)
• C 2.3.1.6 Communications Connectivity
  (Continuous)
• Standards Measure Criterion
• lt X Hours elapsed from notification to TOT
• Y/N Enemy unable to interfere with attack
• gt 95 Percent of weapons achieve desired effects

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DODD 1322.18, Sep. 3, 2004 Military Training

• 4.3. All Training Individual, team, collective,
  unit, and staff
• The Commander is the trainer! METs
• Conditions of actual operations
• Prep for Combatant Commanders -- full spectrum of
  operations
• Deploying Organizations receive priority and
  tailored training
• Rehearsed and ready
• Provide for emerging capabilities for future
  operations.
• Lessons gathered and validated from operational
  missions, training events, operational tests, and
  experiments shall be incorporated expeditiously
  into the training requirements.
• Use Joint Training System Process

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DOTMLPF System

• Doctrine
• Organization
• Training
• Material
• Leadership and Education
• Personnel
• Facilities
• SYSTEM in DOD Terminology

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DRRS

• Near Real Time readiness reporting. Eliminates
  separate SORTS messages.
• DRRS Readiness screen displays each MET vs each
  required mission/ capability.
• MET can be shown with all standards and
  demonstrated performance values
• System generates a recommended score based on
  authoritative data sources.
• Commanders review/ assessment validates
  updates system score-- Mission by Mission, MET by
  MET and Standard by Standard.
• Tools Aggregation/ Drill down/ Planning
  capability-
• What if

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MET-based Readiness Performance

• Confidence that a given unit will achieve a given
  performance level on a specific task with given
  Conditions.
• Depends on at least five parameters
• Most recent MET performance
• Performance Trends (improving?, declining? )
• Changes to DOTMLPF
• Time since most recent success
• Conditions
• ANYTHING that raises that confidence, raises
  Readiness!

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Capability-Based Planning- CBP METLs the JTS

• Capability includes The means and ways
  (DOTMLPF) to execute a set of tasks to standards
  under specified conditions.
• MET framework
• Do this taskunder these conditionsto this
  standard.

• The language of Capabilities is the language of
  METs!

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Capabilities-Based Assessment CBA

• CBA (in JCIDS) consists of three Analyses
• FAA Functional Area Analysis
• Each capability must produce results as measured
  by task performance against standards under
  specified conditions.
• FAA produces MET-like performance requirements
• FNA Functional Needs Analysis
• Based on the FAA, each capability requirement is
  matched against existing systems and methods
  (current capabilities)
• OPs Lessons Learned, Experiments, Training or
  Wargames
• FNA identifies Gaps and Seams
• Capacity gap vs Capability Gap
• FSA Functional Solutions Analysis
• Each gap has many potential DOTMLPF solutions
• FSA works for optimal path.

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Analysis of a MET/ CBA
FAA

• 6 parts clear? Mission, Responsible Organization,
  Tasks, Conditions, Standards, Linkages
• Standards conform?- Process and Product
  measures?
• Do METL measures support command metrics?
• Linkages complete?
• MET Performance Analysis
• Standards met? -gt Performance Gaps?
• Ways and means adequate?
• New DOTMLPF required?

FNA Capability Capacity Gaps
FSA
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From METS to Mission(s) Assessments
Core is what we plan and train and man and
equip to. We take that as one template and lay
it over the other missions.
Tasks/ Missions CORE MS PP AO AT-FP MCO1 HADR
NTA 1.1
NTA 1.3
NTA 1.5
NTA 2.2
NTA 3.2
NTA 4.4
NTA 5.1
NTA 5.4
NTA 6.1
Each mission requires capabilities stated in
MET language. We compare the known in Core
to the specific condition-standard set for each
situation.
Some missions I am ready for now. Some I need
extra (DOTMLPF) or (PESTOF) to close the
performance (Capability/Capacity) gap.

• - NTA 3.2 Red due to lack of ordnance load out
  for missions
• NTA 4.4 Red due to lack of sustainment of high
  demand special ordnance
• NTA 6.1 Red due to lack of FP munitions

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From METS to Mission(s) Assessments
Tasks/ Missions CORE MS PP AO AT-FP MCO1 HADR IRREGWAR
NTA 1.1
NTA 1.3
NTA 1.5
NTA 2.2
NTA 3.2
NTA 4.4
NTA 5.1
NTA 5.4
NTA 6.1
New Concept Irregular Warfare
Irregular Warfare Many tasks - Same Some -
Easier Others - Harder DELTA (Conditions
Standards)

• - NTA 3.2 Red due to lack of ordnance load out
  for missions
• NTA 4.4 Red due to lack of sustainment of high
  demand special ordnance
• NTA 6.1 Red due to lack of FP munitions

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DODAF Version 1
Common Theme of JCIDs and DODAF is the TASK

• Document the business process high- level
  concept is analyzed and a business process or
  activity model is constructed To the extent
  possible, use activities from accepted standard
  tasks lists such as the UJTL, Joint Mission
  Essential Task Lists (JMETLs) developed by one or
  more of the commands, and/or Service Task Lists.

. Of the Lists. Only the METLs have context!
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Futures UTL Progress/ Goals

• Universal search for agreed Taxonomy
• Bins should match current concept of UJTL
• Movement, Knowledge, Employment, Sustainment,
  Planning and Directing (CC), Protection.
• Works for DOD, but also HLS, DOS, DOT,
  BLMWALMART
• Once tasks agreed to, just a limited number of
  representative Measures need to be listed a
  centrally accessible METL warehouse will be the
  repository.
• Ready to incorporate national-state-local
  agencies ASAP and will be able to accommodate
  NGOs in future.
• New Orgs can join with separate task library.
  Organizational level tasks- probably
  Tactical- but must learn to leverage global
  taxonomy and METL framework.
• Business rules/ Guidance same for all
• Disciplined execution

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Understanding Missions, METLs, and Conditions
for DRRS, Effects and Capabilities

• METLs state Mission performance requirements from
  which all other requirements devolve.
• Mission-to-task framework can be used to measure
  and assess advantages of Network centric
  concepts and other new ventures.
• Capabilities and METLs use same language and
  structure.
• Method defines capabilities, applies to planning,
  resourcing, budgeting, execution, training, and
  assessment.

Understanding the Framework and Disciplined
Execution of the Process are the key to
systematic continuous improvement.
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Keys to Success in GWOT and the Future.

• Transformation
• Unified Action
• Relationships
• Lessons Learned
• Comprehensive Approach

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Keys to Success in GWOT / OCOand the
Future.

• TransforMation
• UnifiEd Action
• RelaTionships
• Lessons Learned
• ComprehenSive Approach

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Keys to Success in GWOT/ OCO and the
Future.

• TransforMation
• UnifiEd Action
• RelaTionships
• Lessons Learned
• ComprehenSive Approach

ALIGNMENT
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Summary

• UJTL provides framework and Task library
• Includes sample measures for each task
• Conditions library to describe the environment
• METL framework is same as used in Capabilities
• Do this task under theses conditions to this
  standard
• METLs state mission requirements- on which all
  other requirements depend.
• JTS process is applicable across the planning,
  training, education, development, and operating
  domains.
• The major output of JTS is Mission Ready Forces
  and Personnel.

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References

• Universal Joint Task List (UJTL)
• CJCSM 3500.04 series
• On JDEIS Site
• https//jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/jel/template.jsp?title
  ujtlportalfilenameujtl_portal.htm
• Joint Training Manual (JTM)
• CJCSM 3500.03 series
• On JDEIS Site
• https//jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/jel/training/cjcsm3500_
  03.pdf
• Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS)
• DODD 7730.65 series
• http//www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/7730
  65p.pdf
• Capabilities Portfolio Management
• DODD 7045.20 series
• http//www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/7045
  20p.pdf