North South Relations

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North South Relations
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The Human Face of PovertyBorn on the same day

• Nthabiseng
• Poor, black, African girl
• Rural area, 700 miles from Cape Town, South
  Africa
• To an illiterate mother
• Pieter
• African, while, well-off family
• Born in Cape Town
• To a college-educated mother
• Sven
• Born to an average Swedish family

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Prospects in life
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Poverty

• Over 1bn. People live on less than a dollar/day
• Poor access to water, sanitation, food, health
  care
• Situation has improve in some areas, but not in
  others

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Growing Income Disparities
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Marxism

• Structure of capitalism
• Means of production
• Relations of production
• capital owns means of production
• Exploitation of labor -gtclass struggle
• Superstructure of capitalism
• Ideology, legal, political system

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Lenin on Imperialism

• Capitalism leads to imperialism
• Drive for capital accumulation and access to
  natural resources
• States serve the interests of capital
• Imperialist powers divide the world
• Use colonies for resource extraction
• Perpetuate class inequality across the globe

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Dependency Theory

• Capitalism perpetuates dependency relations
  between
• The Core/North and
• The Periphery/South
• Result underdevelopment

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Poverty Mapping Distribution of Income Groups
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Poverty MappingDoctors per population
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Infant Mortality
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Women, Education, and Infrant Mortality
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Sources of Poverty

• Historical core-periphery relations?
• Contemporary core-periphery relations?
• Weak domestic institutions and policies?
• Climate?
• Disease?
• All of the above-gtvicious circle?

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Structural Solutions?

• Import substitution Brazil 1970s, 1980s
• State-facilitated industrialization and trade
• The Asian Tigers
• Liberalization the Golden Straightjacket?