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Unthinking Eurocentrism(left) Joaquin
Torres-Garcia (Uruguay, 1874-1949) Map of South
America, 1943 (right) André Breton (French
Surrealist poet, 1896-1966) Surrealist Map of the
World, 1929
In the Surrealist "Map of the World," 1929, the
Pacific Ocean is central, the United States does
not exist.
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Dimaxion map
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Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1492, 1493, 1502
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The Taíno The Caribbean before European Conquest
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Taíno Zemi, Dominican Republic, cotton, shell,
and human skull75 inchs high, C.E.1200 to 1500,
Anthropological museum, Turin, Italy
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Taíno Duho, Dominican Republic, wood and manatee
bone, 45 x 62 in, Museum of Dominican Man, Santo
Domingo (right) detail of duho carving
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Taíno (left center) Zemi, clay stone (right)
stone belt or yoke, C.E.1200 to 1500
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Taíno reliquaries, hollow earthenware, C.E.1200
to 1500
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Taíno, ritual objects monkey-effigy ax, stone
(left) and rattle, incised clay (right), C.E.1200
to 1500
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Latin America was the main destination of the
millions of people enslaved and taken out of
Africa between 1500 and 1850. The U.S. received
about 523,000 enslaved immigrants. Cuba alone
got more. Spanish America absorbed around 1.5
million and Brazil at least 3.5 million. Their
descendants form about half of the population in
the Caribbean and Brazil the two historic
centers of sugar production.
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Taíno, Zemi, (left back view), Dominican
Republic, after 1515 CE, wood, cotton, shell, and
glass, 32 H, National Ethnographic Museum, Rome.
Combines Taino, European, and African materials,
a syncretic spiritual object made for a high
ranking cacique
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Raphael, The School of Athens (Philosophy), 1511,
from the fresco suite made for the Popes Vatican
Library, Vatican City, Rome, Italy
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El Escorial, palace-monastery of Philip II of
Spain, mid-16th Century, this vast complex was
the center of the Counter-Reformation in Europe
funded by the enormous wealth drawn from Latin
America. The Reformation had begun in 1517.
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El Escorial, designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo,
Spanish architect and sculptor who had studied
under Michelangelo in Rome.
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Diego Velázquez (Spanish 1599-1660), Las Meninas,
1656. Velázquez was the leading painter of the
Spanish Golden Age. The influence of his
painting is unsurpassed in the history of Western
art.
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Detail of Las Meninas showing the lady in waiting
offering the princess a bucharo on a silver tray.
The bucaro was imported from Guadalajara
(although they were made in other regions of
Spanish colonial America as well), and the silver
for the tray was mined in Bolivia.
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Detail of Las Meninas. The red pigment used to
represent the curtains and other objects in the
image was cochineal, a dye made in Mexico.
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For the next quiz, know locations and dates for
cultures covered in lecture only. You can use the
dates given here or in your textbook. You will be
asked to mark them on the same map we used to
identify modern nation states of Central and
South America.
Hispaniola, Taino/Arawak, 1500 CE
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MOCHE CULTURE Northern Coastal Peru, c. 100 C.E
to 800 C.E
http//sipan.perucultural.org.pe/
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Moche stirrup spout portrait vessel, (detail)
unidentified artist, painted and slipped
earthenware, 11 ½ H. c.450 CE
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(right) Peruvian, Moche, Male Effigy Vessel,
unidentified artist, painted earthenware, 9 7/16
in H, A.D. 100-600Compare (left) self-portrait
mug by Paul Gauguin, c. 1889
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Moche, Portraits of Cut Lip (L-R) at about 10
yrs, early 20s, and middle 30s ceramic, c. 300 CE
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Moche, Portraits of Bigote, head (right) and full
body as warrior (left) ceramic, 430 CE
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Moche (left) Man with a Flower Headdress, painted
earthenware, 10 H, 100-600 CE(right) Stirrup
Head Vessel, painted earthenware c 12 H, 100-600
CE
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Moche, Male Effigy Vessel (stirrup missing),
unidentified artist, painted earthenware4 in H,
A.C. 100-600
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