EuroDocsis Introduction

1
EuroDocsisIntroduction

• A short course about theintroduction of
  EuroDocsis 1.1

2
Why this course?

• EuroDocsis 1.1 is new
• A lot of previous systems exist in Casemae.g.
  Demos, DVB, COM21
• A lot of related subjects such asTPA, SI, SP,
  different OSIHN, EMC, LVDAAA, QoSbut what does
  it mean?(even if you know them all, this
  presentation may be interesting for you)

3
Agenda for today

• EuroDocsis introduction
• planning,
• some features,
• COM21, DVB, Docsis, EuroDocsis comparison
• System Issues
• NGP, implementation of other market areas,
• system calculations (capacity, line price),
• linking to the PC
• Implementation issues
• Suppliers comparison,
• Self installation and provisioning

4
Our goals

• Roll out without major surprises.
• Broad knowledge about EuroDocsis 1.1(not only
  technical possibilities and blockings, also the
  market related ones must be known)
• Low line price (what the hell is line
  price!)(everybody knows its importance, nobody
  uses it,somebody calculated it, anybody does it
  his way)
• Get a modem system that is cheaper and more
  flexible than COM21's system today

5
1-10-100 rule
RFQ phase
Trial and test phase
Business phase
good questions understanding - the subject -
the supplier right choice change cost some days
what must be testwhat are the
criteria understanding - the need for the test -
the test results - the consequences right
choice change cost a few man-weeks
reliability, availability serviceability upgrade
ability installability understanding changing
cost a lot more
6
Issues that are (partly) not covered

• Regulatory issuesIf it is mandatory, only the
  board can and must decide since the president
  (and his MT) is mostly personally
  responsible.Examples
• LT Legal Tapping, government must be able to tap
• EMC Radiation interfering other systems like
  air traffic
• LDV Low-Voltage Directive, Safety due to mains
  voltage
• IHN Configurations and responsibility (only TPA
  aspects) basis for seminar is Cable operator is
  not responsible for IHN AOP NTU modem
  together, no usage of existing IHN for
  interactive traffic, Ethernet from modem to the PC

SI Self installation
7
Development of Euro-DOCSIS in Time

• Cursus voor niet-technici
• 3 mei 2002

8
CableLabs

• In 1988, CableLabs was founded in the USA
• CableLabs serves the cable television industry
  by
• researching and identifying new broadband
  technologies
• authoring specifications, certifying products and
  spreading information.
• CableLabs benefits the cable television industry
  and consumers by
• enabling interoperability among different cable
  systems
• facilitating retail availability of cable modems
  and advanced services and helping cable
  operators deploy innovative broadband technologies

9
DOCSIS summary
Website www.cablelabs.com
10
DOCSIS summary

• Version Spec PICS/ATP 1st Certif. CMs CMTSs
  Market
• 1.0 '97 '98 '99 203 26 Roll out
• 1.1 '99 00Q3 01Q3 22 6 Roll out
• CCCM '00 01Q2 02Q3 0 0 Waiting
• 2.0 01Q4 t.b.d. t.b.d. 0 0 Waiting

CCCM CPE controlled CM, t.b.d. to be defined
1.0
1.1
CCCM
2.0
1997
1999
2001
2003
1998
2000
2002
11
History of Euro-DOCSIS

• In October 1999, TOCOF was founded and selected
  Ghent University to establish and conduct
  Euro-DOCSIS interoperability and certification
  program
• In February 2000, Euro-DOCSIS annex N is approved
• In May 2000, tComLabs at Ghent and Euro-DOCSIS
  Certification Board (ECB) were founded
• In June 2000, first certification wave for
  Euro-DOCSIS 1.0 products by tComLabs

12
EuroDOCSIS summary
Website www.tcomlabs.com
13
EuroDOCSIS summary

• Version Spec PICS/ATP 1st Certif. CMs CMTSs Mark
  et
• 1.0 00Q1 00Q2 00Q3 28 16 Roll out
• 1.1 01Q3 01Q3 01Q4 0 0 Delayed
• 2.0 ??? ??? ??? 0 0 Waiting

ED1.0
ED1.1
2000
2001
2002
2003
ED1.0 ED1.1 roll out
RFQ NGP
Selection
TPA
14
Euro-Docsis

• Technische inleiding

15
DOCSIS

• Data
• Over
• Cable
• Services
• Interface
• Specifications

16
DOCSIS

• Amerikaanse standaard
• Gestandaardiseerde apparatuur
• CM ( kabelmodem) en CMTS (netwerkapparatuur)
  mogen van een verschillende fabrikant zijn

17
EuroDOCSIS

• Europese versie van DOCSIS
• Aanpassingen aan Europese kabelnetten
• Kanaalbandbreedte
• Upstream frequency range
• Downstream frequency range

18
Reference Model Compleet
Operations Support System
Cable Modem CPE Interface
O/E Node
CMTS RF interface
O/E Node
SNMPV3
Mod
TX
O/E Node
Backbone Transport Adapter
Network Termination
Cable modem
CPE
RX
Dem
Cable modem Termination system
Cable Modem RF Interface
CMTS-NSI
NSI Network-Side interface
19
Operations Support System

• DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server
• Time of Day Server
• TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server

20
DHCP

• De DHCP server zorgt voor
• Het IP adres van het Modem
• Het IP adres van de Time of day server
• Het IP adres van de TFTP server
• Naam van de Config file
• DCHP lease tijd dat IP adres aan het modem is
  toegekend

21
Time of day Server

• Zorgt voor
• de tijdsindicatie
• samen met offset wordt dat de juiste lokale tijd

22
TFTP

• De TFTP server zorgt voor
• Config file
• Netwerk toegang configuratie setting
• Class of Service configuratie setting
• Quality of Service configuratie setting
• Baseline Privacy configuratie setting

23
TPA

• Toegang via derde partijen
• Modem maakt verbinding met Casema
• CPE (PC) maakt verbinding met ISP
• Twee afzonderlijke procedures
• CPE(PC) heeft IP adres
• Modem heeft IP adres

24
Baseline Privacy

• Bied een zeker niveau van versleuteling
• Authenticiteit van CM en CTMS
• Docsis 1.0 BPI Niet voor CM
• Docsis 1.1 BPI Voor CM via digitale handtekening
• Zorgt dat CM alleen toegang heeft tot diensten
  waarvoor het is geautoriseerd
• Docsis 1.0 via MAC adres

25
Baseline Privacy

• Zorgt dat CM alleen toegang heeft tot diensten
  waarvoor het is geautoriseerd
• Docsis 1.0 via MAC adres
• Docsis 1.1 via MAC adres en Digitale
  handtekening.

26
Downstream
CM
CM
CM
CMTS
CM
CMTS- Cable Modem Termination System
CM
CM
CM-Cable Modem
27
Downstream

• Frequency gebied108-862 MHz
• Bandbreedte 8MHz/ eff 7,96 MHz
• QAM 64 (QAM 256)
• MPEG-2 datastream
• Bruto Bitsnelheid 42 Mbit/s tot 56 Mbit/s

28
Upstream
CM
CM

CM
CMTS
CM
CMTS- Cable Modem Termination System
Instraling
CM
CM
CPE
IHN
29
Upstream

• Freqency range 5 MHz-65 MHz
• Bandbreedte 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.6 of 3.2 Mhz
• QPSK of 16 QAM
• Bitsnelheid 0,128 10,24 Mb/s

30
Wat is maximaal mogelijk ?
Bit/Hz
9
256QAM
8
7
Shannon limit
6
128QAM
64QAM
5
4
Maximale Signaal/ruis CATV netwerk
3
2
32 dB
1
10
20
CNR dB
31
CNR zichtbaar gemaakt
Grote CNR
Kleine CNR
32
(Euro)Docsisto DVB/COM21 issues

• A short course about the differences between DVB
  COM21 and (Euro-)DOCSIS

33
DVB, COM21, (Euro)Docsis
DVB From 1995 A/V IP ( tel.) Origin Europe
EBU Multimedia standard IP development
failed due to weak CNP support
EuroDocsis From 2000 IP tel. only Origin
Europe tComLabs IP oriented
standard Video streaming development due to lack
of CNP pushing
EBU
COM21 From 1996 IP only ( tel.) Origin USA
COM21 IP oriented proprietary One vendor
only due to that, too expensive
Docsis From 1997 IP tel. only Origin USA
CableLabs IP oriented standard Video
streaming development due to lack of broadcast
vision
34
DVB versus Docsis

• DVB
• CM easily to link with STB
• Real multimedia vision, DVB for all
• IPCableCom, later adopted for time- critical
  services.
• Developed for world market from European
  vision. Can be used in either 8 (PAL,SECAM) or 6
  MHz (NTSC) systems.
• - 8 US channels per DS
• OOB and IB possible
• QoS from the beginning.Important in Europe

DOCSIS - STB link originally not foreseen. - No
multimedia vision, DVB ED mix IPCableCom,
later adopted for time- critical
services. - Developed in USA, for USA. DOCSIS is
not suitable for other regions, it declares the
EuroDOCSIS version. 4 to 8 channels per DS
(vendor dep.) - Only IB possible. - QoS was not
in DOCSIS1.0 CoS only. In USA less interest.
The many pro's for DVB shows the technical
superiority for the European market but the
market decided differently. DVB and EuroDocsis
will be used simultanuously
OOB Out of Band, separate control downstream
based on QPSK 2 Mb/sIB In Band, control
signals in main downstream band multimedia
satellite, cable, terrestrial
35
COM21 versus Euro(Docsis)

• COM21
• - Proprietary, monopoly position
• Mature proven technology
• - Downstream 6 MHz, NTSC oriented, 27 Mb/s in 8
  MHz
• - Upstream 1,7 MHz QPSK only
• - Bridged CMTS based VLAN tagging
• - Tel very expensive propriatary
• Internet QoS and billing,
• - PPPoE like virtual IP encapsulation
  (proprietary)
• - Too transparent for ISP (CNP problem)
• - iTV no iTV but video streaming

Europe (EuroDOCSIS) Interoperable between many
vendors - Step into the dark but it will work
finally Downstream 8 MHz, PAL oriented, 38
Mb/s in 8 MHz - Upstream 1,7 MHz QPSK
only Routed CMTS (can be used as bridged)
Tel ETSI-POTS, ISDN, VoIP Internet QoS and
billing (if ED1.1_ MPLS, VPNbut Cisco
dominated up to now - Better TPA, standard
iTV over Ethernet/ EuroDOCSIS
There are good reasons to step from COM21 to
EuroDocsis 1.1
36
EuroDocsis versus Docsis part 1

• USA DOCSIS (ETSI ES 201 488)
• - ITU region 2 oriented ("New World plan")US
  5...42 MHzDS 54...750 MHz, NTSC oriented grid
• - FCC commitment for EMC, safety
• - USA LV safety based on 110 V
• - Commitment to US local standardse.g. low
  reflection requirements
• - Under US supervision for e.g. interoperability
  via CableLabs. Cannot be influenced by Eur.
  CNP's.
• - US Cablecom solutions for telephony
• - Network tree branch, aboveground

EuroDOCSIS (ES 201 488 Anx.N) ITU region 1
oriented ("Old World plan")US 5...65 MHzDS
87,5...862 MHz, PAL oriented grid European
Directive for EMC (EMCD) European Directive for
safety (LVD) Commitment to Cenelec EN 500
83with higher reflection requirements Under
European supervision for e.g. interoperability
via tComLabs. Influenced by Eur. CNP's (e.g.
ISDN) Eur. Cablecom solutions for telephony
Networks (mini-) star based, buried
Docsis shows a year in advance what we can expect
from EuroDocsis
37
EuroDocsis versus Docsis part 2

• USA DOCSIS
• Node size now 300...200 later 100...200 due
  to interactivity
• - Drop lines to IHN
• Home-RF is defacto standard, very USB oriented
• - DS 6 MHz NTSC based, gives 25 lower efficiency
  in 8 MHz (27 Mb/s)
• Network is renovated for 256QAM?
• - US 3,5 MHz with 16QAM is used with fall-back
  mode 2,5610 Mb/s
• - Tel US-POTS, VoIP
• - Internet plain internet for the time being,
  no iTV but video streaming

EuroDOCSIS - Node size now 800...2100 later 250
by interactivity AOP-NTU connection to IHN -
No common IHN solution, Ethernet recommended, is
the only cheap solution DS is 8 MHz PAL based.
Full 38 Mb/s. European DVB fits in EuroDOCSIS. -
Network not good enough for 256QAM - US 1,7 MHz
only possible with QPSK, 2,56 may be 5,12 Mb/s in
3,5 MHz Tel ETSI-POTS, ISDN, VoIP
Internet QoS and billing, MPLS, VPN, iTV over
Ethernet/ EuroDOCSIS
Environmental market conditions are completely
different
38
EuroDocsis 1.0 1.1 2.0

• EuroDOCSIS 1.0
• - Telephony is not possible
• - CoS only
• - TPA cannot be implemented

• EuroDOCSIS 1.1
• Telephony VoIP under development
• Service enhancement QoS, payload header
  suppression
• IP multicast enhancement and encryption (cond.
  access)
• Better operations, SNMP v3, Account mgnt. Fault
  mgnt.
• TPA is possible under certain conditions

EuroDOCSIS 2.0 - Advanced PHY S-CDMA (ECI like)
and Advanced TDMA new hype of US vendors or
is the market waiting for it? - Starting
development, not be certified before 2004?
39
Euro-DOCSIS and Telephony

• Cursus voor niet-technici
• 3 Mei 2002

40
VoIP / IP Telephony / Internet Telephony

• Gedachten van VoIP varieren van persoon tot
  persoon
• 3 verschillende voorbeelden VoIP / IP Telephony
  - Voice-over-Internet meestal PC-to-PC of
  PC-to-Phone - Corporate VoIP bedrijfstelefonie
  , o.a. PBX- Carrier-grade VoIP
  gebruikelijke analoge telefoon
• De verschillen worden bepaald door type IP
  netwerk, toegepaste protocollen, apparatuur, e.d.

41
Architectuur
VoIP is gebaseerd op een open architectuur
42
Geschiedenis van Carrier-GradeVoIP over Cable

• In 1998 begon CableLabs met PacketCable (Pkt)
• Begin 2001 begon ECCA met IPCablecom project
• In maart 2001 begonnen ETSI en ITU-T met
  technische specificaties voor IPCableCom
• Omvattende aanpassingen in ETSI IPCablecom
  standaarden zorgen voor vertragingen in het
  proces
• GEVOLG Onzekerheid over certificatie en
  onduidelijkheid over definitieve eisen

43
New Generation Platform (NGP)

• Casema project NGP doelstelling is selectie van
  Euro-DOCSIS 1.1 IPCableCom apparatuur
• Fasering van NGP
• Fase 1 Internet services (vervanging Com21)
• Fase 2 Third-Party access voor andere ISPs
• Fase 3 Self Provisioning Self Installation
• Fase 4 Telefonie

44
Voice-over-NGP I

• 2 architecturen gedefinieerd in IPCableCom
• Fully VoIP (softswitch-gebaseerd)
• Switched VoIP (gebruikmakend van PSTN switch)
• Casema heeft voor de switched VoIP architectuur
  gekozen!

45
Voice-over-NGP II Switched VoIP architectuur
46
Voice-over-NGP III Fully VoIP architectuur

47
Het iTV platform in NGP
3 mei 2002
48
Behandeld zal worden

• 1. Mogelijkheden van het gebruik van het iTV
  platform in relatie tot NGP
• 2. Aandachtspunten c.q. mogelijk te verwachten
  problemen

49
Algemeen

• Twee scenario's voor transport interactieve data
• Via telefoonlijn dmv POTS modem in de STB
• Via KPN
• Via MTA in het kabelmodem
• Via kabel, down- and upstream via het HFC
  netwerk.
• Twee verschillende stromen
• A/V broadcast het oversturen van het digitale
  video, audio en extra programma informatie,
  uitgezonden in een DVB-downstream kanaal.
• Interactieve data persoonlijke en
  signaleringsdata, verzonden in EuroDOCSIS 1.1
  downstream en upstream kanalen of via de
  telefoonlijn.

50
Huidige situatie telefoon retour via KPN
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Applicatie server
KPN switch
Modem pool
KPN Telefoon lijn
Interactieve data
51
Gewenste oplossing met EuroDocsis kabel modem
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
Meterkast
52
Tweede optie telefoon retour via MTA
Conventionele A/V broadcast via DVB
Applicatie server
CMTS
Tel. modem
ED-CM
MTA
Modem pool
Casema switch/GW
Huidige telefoon modem
Interactieve data
Meterkast
53
Gelijktijdig gebruik van het kabelmodem
DVB
ED 1.1
Ethernet kaart
ED-CM
54
Tijdskritische diensten in iTV
On-line betalingen
Ik ga wat bestellen
Shopping mall via DVB broadcast
Ethernet kaart
ED-CM
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
te laat geen afrekening
55
Tijdskritische diensten in iTV _2
T-commerce
Die beer wil ik wel
reclame via DVB broadcast
Application server
Ethernet card
ED-CM
Interactieve data via ED 1.1
56
Samengevat

• iTV mogelijk in het ED NGP
• via het Internetplatform
• via het Telefonie platform
• Een aantal zaken zullen goed uitgezocht moeten
  worden
• gelijktijdig gebruik PC en STB met de data
  communicatie tussen verschillende SPs
• het correct laten verlopen van tijdskritische
  diensten

57
Verschillen DVB en ED in relatie tot iTV
Mei, 2002
58
Algemeen

• De DVB standaard is ontwikkeld voor digitale
  audio en video broadcast waaraan later een module
  is toegevoegd waarin interactiviteit geregeld
  wordt. Deze standaard is hierdoor uitermate
  bruikbaar voor de STB.
• DOCSIS is ontwikkeld voor de internet omgeving
  maar wordt inmiddels ook gebruikt in de STB.

59
Verschillen in de downstream

• EuroDocsis
• Modulatietechniek identiek aan DVB
• MPEG transport alleen mogelijk via IP over ED.
  Aangezien dit zorgt voor timingproblemen is dit
  voor MPEG transport geen optie.
• DVB
• Twee methoden in de downstream Out-Of-Band (OOB)
  and In-band (IB)
• OOB QPSK modulatie met een bandbreedte van 2 MHz
  met 3 Mb/s, is robuust en kan overal in de
  frequentieband worden geplaatst.
• IB 64 QAM modulatie met 8MHz bandbreedte op 38
  Mb/s. Deze bandbreedte kan MPEG, IP, MP3, etc
  informatie bevatten. M.b.v MPEG part 6, kan IP
  ingekapseld in MPEG verzonden worden.

60
Verschillen in de upstream

• EuroDocsis
• De US modulatie kan QPSK zijn en 16 QAM. De
  standaard laat data snelheden toe van 128 kb/s
  tot 10 Mb/s in zeven stappen.
• DVB
• US modulatie is QPSK. Mogelijke data snelheden
  zijn 256 kb/s tot 6 Mb/s in stappen van vier.
• Voor beide standaarden geldt dat de toegang naar
  de gedeelde US bandbreedte wordt geregeld via de
  MAC protocollen. De controllers in het HE regelen
  de toewijzing van de US bandbreedte, de manier
  waarop dit gebeurd is verschillend.
• De standaard laat toe betekend niet dat dit
  ook mogelijk is in het kabelnetwerk. Op dit
  moment, de maximum bitrate per kanaal in ons
  kabelnetwerk is 3 Mb/s.

61
Belangrijkste punten

• DVB
• Multimedia oplossing, bruikbaar in kabel,
  satelliet en terrestrial netwerken en voor audio/
  video, internet en telefonie diensten.
• Voor broadcast van audio en video in de
  downstream is DVB via Europese regelgeving
  verplicht gesteld.
• EuroDocsis
• Alleen te gebruiken in kabelnetwerk en voor de
  internet en telefonie diensten. iTV kan meeliften
  op deze diensten alleen op basis van TCP/IP
• Voor iTV zijn er altijd twee modems nodig een
  DVB en ED modem. Hierdoor is EuroDocsis vanuit
  technisch oogpunt duurder dan DVB
• Conclusie Beoogde ED voordeel vanwege meer
  beschikbare bandbreedte (vergeleken met DVB-OOB
  (38Mb/s tov 3 Mb/s)). Valt weg met de DVB-IB
  oplossing die dezelfde bandbreedte en snelheid
  beschikbaar stelt en tevens de mogelijkheid voor
  het gebruik van een multiple carrier zorgt zelfs
  voor duidelijke voordelen.

62
EuroDocsisSystem calculations

• Short calculations you must know for EuroDocsis
  1.1speed, capacity, CMs/CMTS, line price

63
Speed general
CMTS TX RX
CM RXTX

• Speed can be split up in downstream speed (DS)
  andupstream speed (US)
• In US as well as in DS each one channel at a
  time(if capacity is too low, 2nd channel cannot
  be added)
• If n is number of allowed US channels per DS
  channel then the asymmetry is given by DS (n x
  US) e.g. DS 38 Mb/s, US 2,5 Mb/s n
  4 the asymmetry is 38 (4 x 2,5) 3,8 (or 3,8
  1)

CMTS TX RX
CM RXTX
AND
TX
CM RXTX
OR
RX1
CM RXTX
TX Transmitter, RX Receiver
64
Speed - bandwidth
CMTS TX RX
CM RXTX

• Choice of speed/bandwidth ratios
• DS 64QAM, (128QAM) and 256QAMPAL oriented
  network accepts 64QAM only- network CNR is too
  low for 256QAM- CNR increase is very expensive
• US QPSK and 16QAM16QAM in speed, two times as
  efficient as QPSK but- network less reliable
  for 16QAM- number of CM's/CMTS reduced by 50

33
12 33
256QAM
128QAM
64QAM
100 but..
16QAM
QPSK
128QAM is a little less efficient technique that
is not supported by most of the CM and CMTS
suppliers
65
Speed downstream
CMTS TX
CM RX

• 64QAM gives 6 b/s/Hz (ref. 64 26)so in theory
  8 MHz channel gives 8 x 6 48 Mb/s
• Due to filtering, FEC etc. result 38 Mb/s
  effective bitrate lower (between 20..25),
  before IP handling service independent
• UDP/IP consumes approx. 1(streaming,
  telephony) result 37 Mb/s
• TCP/IP consumes another 10 (webserving,
  E-mail) result 34 Mb/s

TCP UDP
10
10
1
4
37 Mb/s
34 Mb/s
FEC Forward Error Correction
66
Speed upstream
CMTS RX
CM TX
TCP UDP

• QPSK gives 2 b/s/Hz (ref. 4 22)so in theory
  1,7 MHz channel gives 1,7x2 3,4 Mb/s
• Due to filtering, FEC etc. result 2,56
  Mb/seffective bitrate is lower (approx. 35),
  before IP handling service independent
• UDP/IP consumes approx. 5 (due to
  asymmetry)(streaming, telephony) result 2,5
  Mb/s
• TCP/IP consumes another 40 (due to
  asymmetry)(web serving, E-mail) result 1,5 Mb/s

0,84
0,84
0,06
1,06 Mb/s
2,5 Mb/s
1,5 Mb/s
67
modems per CMTSon service level

• Let say QoS DS 256kb/s /US 64kb/s TCPDS 1
  TX 34 Mb/s 34 0,256 136 users US 4 RX
  4x1,5 Mb/s 6 0,064 100 usersFor Web surfing
  for a concurrency of 1, 10 000 users could
  be connected to one CMTS 1 TX - RX combination
• For video conferencing DS US 64 kb/s UDPDS
  1 TX 37 Mb/s 37 0,064 600 users US 4 RX
  4x2,5 Mb/s 10 0,064 160 usersFor video
  conferencing for a concurrency of 10, only
  1600 users could be connected to one CMTS 1 TX -
  RX combination

video conferencing is peer-to-peer, can use
upstream and downstream as well once started,
video conferencing is occupying the channel
continuously
68
modems per CMTSon network level

• In US a modem produces a signal spurious
  (Spurious is unwanted disturbing signal residue)
• 1 Supplier guarantees for a CM a minimum
  signal-spurious ratio (SSR) (in the standard
  -72 dBc per modem)
• 2 QPSK needs at least 22 dB SSR to operate
  reliantly
• 3 Network path loss asymmetry reduces with 15 dB
• 4 Maximum modems/CMTS receiver is 72 - 22 - 15
  35 dB is approximately 200 CMs/RX (see curve)
  Asymmetry reduction helps 72 - 22 - 9 41 dB
  is approx. 500 CMs/RX
• 5 Each doubling of modems reduces SSR with 4,5 dB
  So, for e.g. 256 modems (is 28) reduction is 8 x
  4,5 36 dB

15 dB is a typical Casema network value. With
new (switchable) multi-taps it could be less
69
Summary
RX1 PHY 200 max ADDR e.g. 800 Serv
between1600 and 10 000
CMTS
TX
CM1
RX1
CMn
RX2
RX3 PHY 200 max ADDR e.g. 800 Serv
between1600 and 10 000
RX3
CM1
RX4
CMn
Conclusion (this example) PHY is the restricting
factor for the time being max. 4 x 200 800
modems Many parameters can be changed but
themaximum of 200/RX card is difficult to exceed
70
Line price EuroDOCSIS only (example, simplified)
Calculation (example) as used for the comparison
between ED-vendors Modems are needed for each
subscriber Line cards (in the CMTS) can be
divided by 800 (4 US/card x 200 CMs/US) Central
costs for all connections can be divided by 9
(9 line cards can be inserted in one CMTS)
only the costs of new ED equipment is incorporated
71
Line price for business plan (example,
simplified)
Case for e.g. Utrecht. For The Hague some
investments are carried out already.
only the costs of new equipment and modifications
are incorporated
72
Conclusions

• Line-price increase not for internet only.If
  telephony and interactive TV can use the same
  platform, the line-price increase of EUR 487 is
  an investment for all these services.
• Why so much?
• CATV was designed for connecting one R/TV only
• Network quality increase was always used for
  capacity increase
• Lot of investments were postponed until now (SNP)
• But there is a moment that limits are reached

73
EuroDocsis and TPA

• Third Party AccessThe consequences and some
  special issues (SI and SP)

74
Is TPA for internet only?

• On the IP platform, TPA is a hot issue at the
  moment but
• It was already an issue years a go for telephony
  as well (2nd operators)
• It was already an issue years ago on pay-TV
  (Channel). This will become more important with
  introduction of interactive TV
• Today we study TPA for the IP platform since the
  government presses us to open our network for
  other SP's (third parties).

All over one modem, or modem/ SP Who delivers the
modem? Who owns the modem? Who cares?
CM
CM
Tel
Tel
STB
STB
SP is generic name for Service Provider ISP is
specific Provider for Internet-Services
75
Casema only?

• Casema is studying TPA for internal knowledge
  improvement
• Casema is working together with Essent and UPC to
  get common sense and to get one standpoint in the
  direction of the government.
• Projectname ShAP (Shared Access
  Project)splitted in WG technology and WG
  business.Casema will commit to the result of
  ShAP study.
• TPA for EuroDocsis only because of step-to-ED
  policy and uniform SLA for all ISP's

Internal TPA group Fred v. Let, Maria
KlessensShAP Fred van Let, Hans Velders, ...
76
TPA dualism

• Cable Network Provider (CNP) is leading, tries to
  set the Standard for the SLA once and for all.
• Internet Service Provider (ISP) must feel happy
  with such SLA
• Government (OPTA) must accept construction

• Business group sets conditions
• Sets up Business plans
• Select business model that can work with Techn.
  group conditions
• Makes SLA between CNP and ISP

• Technical group sets conditions
• Physical parameters (NTU)
• IP platform parameters (MPLS)
• NMS, AAA, SI, SP
• Eliminate all impossible models

NMS Network Management System SP Self
ProvisioningAAA Authentication, Authorization,
Accounting SI Self Installation
77
Trouble ticketing(example ISP responsible)
Begin (subscr. initiative)
Subscriber with problem calls ISP
ISP opens ISP trouble ticket
End
ISP closes both ISP and CNP tickets
Begin (ISP initiative)
ISP finds problem
ISP diagnoses problem
YES
ISP's activity CNP's activity Users' activity
Is subscriber satisfied ?
is it subscriber's fault?
ISP helps to solve problem
NO
YES
Subscriber solves problem
NO

• Goals
• less red
• more green

is it CNP's fault?
ISP calls subscriber to verify resolution
NO
ISP corrects the problem
YES
is ticket open for this problem ?
NO
Problem found?
ISP opens ticket with CNP
NO
YES
YES
ISP attempts to verify correct operation
CNP corrects problem marks ticket resolved
ISP calls subscriber to verify resolution
78
Self provisioning (example)
Subscriber buys CNP certified CM
ISP closes initiation ticket
Subscr. gets ISP connectivity set
End
Begin
YES
ISP's activity CNP's activity Users'
activity Others
Is subscriber satisfied ?
Does everything work?
NO
YES
NO
Subscriber sends RFSC to ISP
CNP send Ack back to ISP
ISP sends UCAP to subscriber
Subscriber solves problem via retail

• Goals
• less red
• more green
• more blue

ISP stores all subscr.information
ISP opens initiation ticket
YES
Is everything OK?
ISP opens subscr. account
NO
is predefined procedure
ISP sends RFSC INITICK to CNP
CNP stores all subscr.information
CNP opens subscr. account
CNP sets up interconn. CoS
RFSC Request for Subscription and Class of
ServiceUCAP Username, CoS Acknowledge and
Password
79
Self Installation
Amplifiers, splitters and long cable not
possible.
OK
too low
too h
Passive NTU seldom possible Active NTU
with adjustment good in all cases.
80
Existing market developments(becoming more
important with TPA introduction)

• PC with Windows increasing number of
  versionsW95, W98, ME, SE, 2000, XP (mainly NL
  also UK versions)
• Desktop with PCI slots but also laptops with
  PCMCIA(UPC was pressed to deliver PCMCIA
  Ethernet cards on request recently)
• Increasing number of Linux servers/firewalls at
  home(in particular in the heavy user area.)
• Linux, Apple are still interesting market areas
• Modem trends to location near the CATV system
  outlet due to need to connect TV, radio, PC and
  telephones in all rooms of the house.

81
Summary

• Third Party Access asks for a very good
  co-operation between CNP and ISP.
• Self provisioning is seldom a problem but a good
  scenario must be chosen.
• Self installation is a Capex problem. Is it
  possible to ask the retailer with (its
  connections to installers) to control correct
  installation and to keep the installation costs
  separated from our line price.

82
Comparison of Euro-DOCSIS Vendors

• Cursus voor niet-technici
• 3 Mei 2002

83
Short List RFQ NGP

• In December 2001Casema selected 3 vendors of
  NGP equipment(Euro-DOCSIS and IPCablecom
  devices)
• Euro-DOCSIS testing (Okt/Nov 2001)Two vendors
  have been tested earlier in Casemas labThird
  vendor has been tested earlier in FTCs lab
• IPCablecom equipment (Feb 2002)All 3 vendors
  have been tested by Casema at vendors premises

84
Vendor ComparisonPrice

• Vendor equipment had been compared on investments
  for a specific Casema case study (Den Haag,
  Vburg Zmeer)
• Vendor1
• Network price per subscriber for Internet
  only 1 unit
• Vendor2
• Network price per subscriber for Internet
  only 1,3 units
• Vendor3
• Network price per subscriber for Internet
  only 1 unit

85
CMTS Comparison Physical 7ft / 19 rack mounted

• CMTS1
• 12 slots for RF line cards and network side
  interfaces
• 1x4 RF line card with 1 downstream and 4 upstream
• Total port capacity per rack 36 DS 144 US
• Roadmap 2x8 and 3x12 RF line cards
• CMTS2
• 4 slots for RF line cards and 2 slots for network
  side interfaces
• 1x6 RF line card with 1 downstream and 6 upstream
• Total port capacity per rack 16 DS 96 US
• Roadmap 2x8 RF line cards (5x20 for bigger
  chassis)
• CMTS3
• 14 slots for RF line cards and network side
  interfaces
• 1x4 RF line card with 1 downstream and 4 upstream
• Total port capacity per rack 42 DS 168 US
• Roadmap 2x8 and 4x32 RF line cards

For comparison Com21 3 DS 21 US
86
CMTS ComparisonData throughput

• CMTS1
• Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM max. 38 Mbps (measured)
• Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK max. 1,3 Mbps (measured)
• Forwarding capacity 30 Mpps (theoretical)
• CMTS2
• Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM max. 38 Mbps (measured)
• Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK max. 1,7 Mbps (measured)
• Forwarding capacity 2,4 Mpps (theoretical)
• CMTS3
• Downstream, 8 MHz, 64QAM (measured at FTCs lab)
• Upstream, 1,6 MHz, QPSK (measured at FTCs lab)
• Forwarding capacity 42 Mpps (theoretical)

Mbps Mega bits per second Mpps Mega packets
per second
87
CMTS ComparisonNetwork Side Interfaces

• CMTS1
• Octal 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4
• CMTS2
• Single 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4, ATM OC-3
• CMTS3
• Octal 10/100BaseT, GbEth, POS STM-1/4
• ATM advantages - Low implementation costs
• - In-band transport of NM information
• disadvantage - Data capacity limited for future
• - Alternative cheaper Interfaces

NM Network Management POS Packet over Sonet
(SDH)
88
CMTS ComparisonThird Party Access

• Third Party Acess has lots of flavours
• For dynamic service and ISP selection per CPE
• CMTS1
• For now TPA only possible using a service
  selection gateway
• Later MPLS VPN interface card enables more TPA
  features
• CMTS2
• TPA possible by using MPLS VPN technology and
  advanced OSS.
• CMTS3
• For now TPA only possible using a service
  selection gateway
• Later MPLS VPN interface card enables more TPA
  features

89
CMTS Comparison Legal Interception

• CMTS1
• Legal Interception only possible using a Protocol
  Analyser card(with certain limitations
  monitoring of only ONE RF line card per Protocol
  Analyser card!)
• CMTS2
• Legal Interception possible by setting a tap
  within CMTS2
• CMTS3
• Legal Interception possible by setting a tap
  within CMTS3

90
Conclusion

• Many factors (financial, service, technical,
  time-to-market) have an impact on the equipment
  selection
• Comparison of equipment is not always
  straightforward because of many hidden pitfalls
• Every vendor has strong and weak pointsdepending
  on service (Internet, Telephony, . )