SPONCH

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SPONCH

• What is SPONCH?

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SPONCH
6 most important elements to life

• S Sulfur
• P Phosphorus
• O Oxygen
• N Nitrogen
• C Carbon
• H Hydrogen

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Matter

• Anything that occupies space and has mass

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Element

• Simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down
  chemically into a simpler kind of matter

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Periodic Table of Elements

• Organized table of elements discovered so far
• Organized according to atomic structure and
  chemical characteristics

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Atoms and Atomic Structure

• Atoms are the simplest form of an element that
  keeps all the properties of the element

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Model of the Atom

• Parts of the atom
• Protons (), Neutrons and Electrons (-)
• Nucleus central core of the atom that contains
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons orbit the nucleus

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Determining Atomic Structure Using the Periodic
Table

• Atomic number of protons and is smaller
  number by the symbol
• Atomic mass number of protons of neutrons
• Assume for now that protons electrons

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Practice
Element protons neutrons electrons
hydrogen 1 0 1
helium
carbon
oxygen
sodium
chlorine
argon
sulfur
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Practice
Element protons neutrons electrons
hydrogen 1 0 1
helium 2 2 2
carbon 6 6 6
oxygen 8 8 8
sodium 11 12 11
chlorine 17 18 17
argon 18 22 18
sulfur 16 16 16
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Types of Bonds

• COVALENT strong bond between elements
• IONIC- attraction between elements due to
  opposite charges (weaker than covalent)
• HYDROGEN weakest type of bond

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Covalent

• Sharing of electrons to fill the valence shell
• Examples methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

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Ionic

• One element gains electrons becoming ____
• The other element loses electrons becoming
  _____________
• Opposites attract
• Ionic compounds
• Dissolve easily in water
• EX. NaCl

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Hydrogen bonds

• Caused by partial positive and negative charges
• Water is best example

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How does salt dissolve in water?

• Na and Cl
• Ions become attracted to the partial charges on
  water