A Flawed Peace

1
A Flawed Peace

• Chapter 29, Section 4

2
Introduction

• World War I was over. The killing had stopped.
  The terms of peace, however, still had to be
  worked out. On January 18, 1919, a conference to
  establish those terms began at the Palace of
  Versailles, outside Paris. Attending the talks,
  known as the Paris Peace Conference, were
  delegates representing 32 countries. For one
  year, this conference would be the scene of
  vigorous, often bitter debate. The Allied powers
  struggled to solve their conflicting aims in
  various peace treaties.

3
The Allies Meet and Debate
4
Key Leaders Come Together

• This group of leaders was known as the Big Four
  dominated the peace talks in Paris at Versailles.

5
United States

• President Woodrow Wilson

6
France

• Georges Clemenceau

7
Great Britain

• Prime Minister, David Lloyd George

8
Italy

• Vittorio Orlando

9
Wilsons Plan for Peace

• Wilson proposes Fourteen Pointsan outline for
  lasting world peace.
• Calls for free trade and an end to alliances and
  military buildups
• Promotes self-determinationright of people to
  govern their own nation
• Envisions international peace-keeping body to
  settle world disputes

10
Fourteen Points

1. End of secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Free trade
4. Arms reductions
5. Adjustment of colonial claims
6. Settlement of questions regarding Russian
   territory
7. Restoration of Belgium
8. Restoration of Frances territories including
   Alsace-Lorraine
9. Readjustment of Italys borders

1. Peoples of Austria-Hungary given
   self-determination
2. Serbia given access to the sea and can join with
   other Balkan states (Yugoslavia created).
3. Turkish portion of Ottoman empire sovereign, but
   other portions given self-determination.
   Dardanelles open to as shipping passage to all
   nations.
4. Independent Poland
5. League of Nations

11
The Versailles Treaty

• Britain and France oppose Wilsons ideas and want
  to punish Germany.
• Allies and Germany sign an accordthe Treaty of
  Versaillesin June 1919.
• Creates League of Nationsinternational
  organization to keep peace.
• Blames Germans for war, forces Germany to pay
  damages (reparations) to nations.
• League to rule German colonies until deemed ready
  for independence.

12
A Troubled Treaty
13
The Creation of New Nations

• The Versailles Treaty, other peace accords change
  the look of Europe
• Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire all
  lose lands
• Former Ottoman lands in Southwest Asia turn into
  mandates
• New countries in southeastern Europe
• Russia gives up land.

14
Europe Pre-World War I
15
New European Countries Post World War I
Finland-land lost by Russia
Estonia-land lost by Russia
Latvia-land lost by Russia
Lithuania-land lost by Russia
Poland-restored from land lost by Germany and
Russia
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Romania-gained land
Yugoslavia
16
Mandates in Africa and Middle East

1. French Mandate of Syria
2. French Mandate of Lebanon
3. British Mandate of Palestine
4. British Mandate of Transjordan
5. British Mandate of Iraq
6. British Togoland
7. French Togoland
8. British Cameroon
9. French Cameroon
10. Ruanda-Urundi
11. Tanganyika
12. South-West Africa

17
A Peace Build on Quicksand

• Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of
  bitterness on both sides
• German people feel bitter and betrayed after
  taking blame for war
• America never ratifies Treaty of Versailles
• Many Americans oppose League of Nations and
  involvement with Europe
• Some former colonies express anger over not
  winning independence
• Japan, Italy criticize agreement gain less land
  than they want