The World Between the Wars

1
The World Between the Wars WWI WWII
2
A Struggle for Change in Latin America

• The Mexican Revolution
• Desires for land, better wages, and democratic
  reforms
• Result a new constitution that set goals for
  future social and political changes
• Nationalism
• The Good Neighbor Policy

3
Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle
East

• Africa opposition to imperialism spread as the
  Pan-African and negritude movements developed.
• Modernization in Turkey and Iran
• Pan-Arab movements sought Arab unity and freedom
  from foreign domination
• Promises in Palestine

4
India Seeks Self-Rule

• Moves toward independence Amritsar massacre
• Mohandas Gandhi and The Salt March
• Muslims become fearful of then Hindu majority and
  began to call for a separate Muslim state

5
Upheavals in China

• The Chinese Republic was crippled by feuding
  warlords, a collapsed economy, famine, and
  increasing foreign influence
• May Fourth Movement
• 1927 Civil war erupts between the Guomindang
  and Communists.
• Japanese invasion

6
Empire of the Rising Sun

• 1920s- Japans political parties and democratic
  parliament grew stronger
• Great Depression fueled dissatisfaction among
  militarists and extreme nationalists
• 1930s- the Japanese military dominated a
  government that emphasized obedience to the
  emperor, service to the state, and a policy of
  imperial expansion

7
Treaty of Versailles
8
Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations

• No control over major conflicts
• No progress in disarmament
• No effective military force

9
The Great Depression
10
Fascism is the totalitarian philosophy of
government that glorifies the state and nation
and assigns to the state control over every
aspect of national life.
11
Fascism

• A form of extreme right-wing ideology.
• It celebrates the nation or the race as an
  organic community transcending all other
  loyalties.
• Powerful and continuing nationalism.
• Constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans,
  symbols, songs, etc.
• Flags are seen everywhere.
• It uses organized violence to suppress
  opposition.
• Glorification of force.
• Accepts the tenets of Social Darwinism.
• Is anti-democratic.

12
Weimar Republic
13
Aggression, Appeasement, and War
14
Dictators Challenge World Peace

• Japan seizes Manchuria in 1931 and withdrew from
  the League of Nations
• 1936 Italy Mussolini conquered Ethiopia (finally
  took revenge on them)
• Germans Hated the Versailles treaty. Hitler
  built up their military and sent troops into the
  demilitarized Rhineland bordering France.

15
Dictators Challenge World Peace

• Appeasement giving in to the demands of an
  aggressor to keep peace.
• Some westerners viewed Hitler as a defense
  against a worse evil- Soviet Communism
• Pacifism
• Neutrality Acts (U.S.A.) avoid involvement in
  European war.
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Italy, Germany, and Japan

16
Spanish Civil War

• Nationalists
• Fascists
• Supported by Germany and Italy
• German air raid on Guernica
• Triumphant in 1939 and set up a fascist
  dictatorship like those of Hitler and Mussolini

• Loyalists
• Supported by U.S. and Great Britain (even though
  they remained neutral)
• Republic
• Communists
• Socialists
• Marxists

17
German Aggression Continues

• Anschluss Union of Germany and Austria
• Hitler annexes the Sudetenland in 1938.
• The Munich Pact