Water Turbines

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Water Turbines

• Primarily in France
• Types
• Scoop Wheel
• Tub Wheel
• Reaction Wheel
• Turbines
• Axial
• Reaction

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Scoop Wheel

• Small Installations on Creeks
• Horizontal Wheel - Vertical Axis
• Millstone
• High Speed

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Spoon (scoop) Wheel
4
Tub Wheels

• Large Installations on Rivers and Dams
• Required Small Fall Large Volume
• Wood Wheel with Helicoidal Paddles
• Flume Generally Narrowed
• Totally immersed in Water
• Efficiency - 25

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Tub Wheel
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Reaction Wheel

• Barker (1740s)
• Euler (1754)
• Top Drum Stationary - Reservoir
• Ensures Even Distribution of Incoming
• Conical Drum with Tubes Rotates
• Ensures Even Discharge
• Mannoury dEctot
• Water Input From Bottom
• Never Built (1807)

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Barkers Water Engine(Early 18th Century)
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Eulers Wheel (1754)
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Mannoury dEctots Wheel -Hydraulic Lever (1807)
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Burdin (1820s)

• Water Wheel
• Based on Eulers Work
• Stationary Reservoir
• Inclined Nozzles - Alternating
• Efficiency - 67
• Water Turbine
• Stationary Reservoir Revolving Casing
• Guide Vanes on Reservoir Rotor
• Functions while Submerged
• No Loss of Head

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Burdins Wheel (Before 1827)
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Burdins Turbine - Revolving Ring (1827)
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Fourneyron

• Studied Under Burdin
• Societe dEncouragement Award
• Industrial Applications
• Crank Controlled Sluice
• Variable Flow
• Efficiency - 70

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Fourneyrons Turbine (1832)
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Fourneyrons Turbine Used in Industry
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Fontaine-Baron

• Stationary Reservoir
• Lower Rotor
• Complicated Sluice Device
• Varied Height of Vanes
• Later Brass Vanes Deflected Depending on Water
  Force

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Fontaine-Barons Axial Turbine (1840)
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Blades in Fontaine -Baron Turbine
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Jonval- Koechlin

• Opposite of Fourneyron and Fontaine
• Rotor Above Stationary
• Flowrate Through Turbine Constant
• Turbine in Necked Down Conduit
• Sluice Gate at Tailrace
• Turbine Placed Anywhere in Fall Without Losing
  Power
• Later a Diffuser Was Added to Recover Lost Power

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Jonval-Koechlins Reaction Turbine
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Jonval-Koechlins Reaction Turbine