Wind and Water

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Wind and Water
Dr. Anthony G. White 28 October 2004
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Location, Location, Location
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Successful Integration Delivery
All a question of CAPACITY Capacity of the
Wind to turn the turbine blades Capacity of the
wind Turbines themselves Capacity availability
of Transmission lines Capacity of Storage Space
behind the dams Capacity of dams Generators when
needed Capacity availability of Transmission
lines
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BPA Transmission
Columbia River
Snake River
Willamette River
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Pacific Northwest Federal System and Wind
Federal Columbia River Power System 31 major
dams, one nuclear plant. 22,000 MW installed
capacity, 10,000 MWa, 17,000 MW peak. Large,
geographically diverse Control Area, considerable
system flexibility, fast ramp rates for units on
AGC, relatively limited but still considerable
amount of reservoir storage in US and
Canada. While flexible, the system also meets
many non-power needs (flood control, navigation,
fish flows). 205 MW of wind selling into BPA
Control Area (2.05 of average system
generation, 1.2 peak generation). Another 120
MW are wheeled across the BPA transmission system
for others.
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Wind Integration
A Control Area has many moving parts and sources
of uncertainty (loads, generation, transmission
lines). Wind generation is another source of
uncertainty for a Control Area. Wind generation
fluctuations and load fluctuations are not
necessarily correlated, so under most conditions,
introducing wind generation into a Control Area
does not dramatically increase volatility. With a
large hydro system and a moderate amount of wind
generation, the problem of wind integration is
quite manageable. In many ways, wind and hydro
are a natural fit.
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Existing Wind Farm Interconnections
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x Kittitas Valley Wind 182 MW
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x Wild Horse Wind 312 MW
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Stateline Wind Farm
399 Turbines, 263 MW PacifiCorp Power Marketing
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Proposed Wind Farm Interconnections
182 MW 312 MW
150 MW
200 MW
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Network Wind Integration
We have developed a service to meet the needs of
our Public Power customers who are embedded in
our own Control Area and wish to purchase output
from a project selling into our Control
Area. This service, known as Network Wind
Integration Service, does not require explicit
storage and shaping. Rather, we take the project
output into our system on an as-available basis,
use the energy to serve our public customers
needs in real time and credit the hourly wind
energy against their BPA purchases at the end of
each month. Service is structured as a swap of
wind energy for Federal energy bundled with
Control Area Regulation. Priced at 4.50/MWh
before transmission.
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Storage and Shaping Service
Wind project X, interconnected to the BPA Control
Area, schedules and delivers energy into the BPA
system on an hourly basis. At the end of each
day, PBL averages the scheduled (and delivered)
Peak and Off-Peak generation from the project.
This amount of power is then redelivered a week
later in flat Peak and Off-Peak blocks. The one
week delay allows the end-use customer to plan
its system for redelivery volumes and takes the
hour-to-hour uncertainty out of the wind
generation. Priced at 6.00/MWh before
transmission. Service appears to meet the needs
of medium-sized utilities with limited
flexibility. Larger utilities should be able to
integrate directly into their Control
Areas. Examining other variants of this basic
service.
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Those Signed On So Far With Bonneville . . .