19-20th C. Risorgimento, Unification Fascism

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19-20th C. Risorgimento, Unification Fascism
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19th Century Italy RISORGIMENTO AND
NATIONALISM ( Resurgence) NAPOLEONS
INVASION OF ITALY 1796-1814 reaction
against French Empire becomes spur to
nationalist movements in Italy and
Germany
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• PIEDMONT-SAVOY center of unificationCentral
  figures in Italian unification
• MAZZINI, Giuseppe 1805-1872 nationalist
  revolutionary (from Genoa, studied law) Young
  Italy organization of young republicans
• GARIBALDI, Giuseppe 1807-1882 military
  leader of guerilla forces           
• CAVOUR, Count Camillo 1810-1861                mi
  nister to King of Piedmont-Savoy                1
  858 pact with Napoleon III of France             
     1859 war with Austria

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Piedmont Savoy border with France yellow
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Giuseppe Mazzini1805-1872 Italian
nationalist revolutionary and republican
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MAZZINI, Giuseppe 1805-1872
founder of CARBONARI secret nationalist
society from coal miners meaning and
underground society1848 ROMAN
REPUBLIC established by Mazzini during European
Revolutions of 1848suppressed by French army
under Napoleon III
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GARIBALDI, Giuseppe 1807-1882 leader of
irregular military forces red shirts 1849
defense of Janiculum Hill in aftermath of
Mazzinis Roman Republicslogan
ROMA O MORTE (Rome or death) 1860 invasion of
Sicily, marches north to Naples
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Garibaldimonuments onJaniculumhill
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Count Camillo CAVOUR, 1810-1861  minister to
King of Piedmont-Savoy architect of Italian
unification
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CAVOUR, Count Camillo 1810-1861    minister to
King of Piedmont-Savoy      1858 pact with
Napoleon III of France1859 war with Hapsburg
Austria which had occupied northern
Italy (Milan) since 16th century1860
GARIBALDI invades Sicily, then Naples            
    troops - red shirtsCAVOUR  army marches
south, conquest of Tuscany
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1861 KINGDOM OF ITALY united under VICTOR
EMMANUEL II Capitals of united Italy (moving
south)1861 Turino  - capital of Piedmont
Savoy 1865 Florence     1870 Rome
ROMA CAPITALE, TERZA ROMA
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1870-1929 POPES  self-declared prisoners of
the Vaticanwithdraw to Vatican City to protest
conquest of Papal StatesPapacy excommunicates
all members of new legislaturesource of strong
anti-clericalism in Italian politics    
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WORLD WAR I Italy on Allied side      post war
issues terms of treaty, war costs,
anti-communism1917 Russian Revolution
result of WWI, first communist state 1921
Italian Communist Party founded by
Antonio Gramsci         split off from Italian
Socialist Party
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ITALIAN FASCISM theme of exaggerated
nationalismBENITO MUSSOLINI 1883-1944         
   Editor of Socialist newspaper AVANTI
            1919 fascio di combattimento (armed
political group)                    Roman fasces
as new political symbol             1920
FASCIST PARTY militants
called  squadristi black shirts
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1922 MARCH ON ROME  (echoes of Ceasar's crossing
Rubicon)         King makes Mussolini Prime
Minister1924 murder of MATTEOTTI Socialist
deputy by Fascist squadristi        Movie IL
Delitto Matteotti 1929 LATERAN TREATY with Pope
recognition of Vatican State
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FASCIST IDEOLOGY DUCISMO cult of the leader
(Il Duce)                 corporative state,
eliminate class conflictmilitarism un bambino
un soldato (one baby one
soldier)
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Palazzo Venezia, site of Mussolinis speeches
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FOREIGN POLICY Mussolinis Roman
Empire                 1935 invasion of
Ethiopia                 1938 Spanish Civil
War                 1939 pact with Hitler
forming AXIS POWERS in World War II German and
Italy 1943-44 Allied invasion of
Italy from south
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1983 Neo fascistposter of Mussolinias man of
the people
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