Linux File System

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Linux File System
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Linux File System

• Describe the Linux File System
• Complete Common File System Tasks
• Manage Disk Partitions
• Use Removable Media
• Back Up Data

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File System

• File System is developed for
• create/store/load/delete/seek file on media
• Media example
• Magnetic Media
• Tape
• Floppy disk
• Hard disk
• Optical Media
• Cdrom
• Dvd

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File System of OS

• File system of Windows OS
• Windows 98 and Windows ME
• Support FAT16, FAT32
• Windows 2000
• Support FAT16,FAT32, NTFS
• Windows XP
• Support FAT32, NTFS
• File system of BSD Family OS
• FFS (Fast File System)?

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File System in Linux

• File System in Linux is divided into 2 type
• Linux Swap
• is used in virtual memory system
• Linux File System
• is used to store file
• there is various type of file system
• ext2 ( is first introduced in kernel 2.0.x )?
• reiserfs ( is first introduced in kernel 2.2.x )?
• ext3 ( is first introduced in kernel 2.4.x )?

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Linux File System Layout

• / - first of mount point in linux
• /etc - keep linux default configuration
• /boot - keep important linux booting files
• /dev - keep all device files
• /usr - keep all user binary and X library
• /home - keep user home directory
• /proc - is pseudo file system for tracking
  running process and state of linux system
• /var - keeping mail, log file and printer
  spooling
• /lib - contain shared library that is required by
  system program
• /tmp - contain system temporary file

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Searching the File System
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Using find

• Syntax find path name filename
• Ex find / name .log
• user username
• size size

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Using locate

• Syntax locate filename

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Using grep

• Search content in the file
• Syntax grep search_text file
• Ex grep vnc /var/log/messages

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Using grep

• When working with grep, you can use the following
  options
• i Ignores case when searching for the search
  text.
• l Doesnt display the actual matching line of
  text. Only displays the names
• of the files that contain the matching text.
• r Searches recursively through
  subdirectories of the path specified.

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Managing Files and Directories
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• Creating files and directories
• Viewing file contents
• Deleting files and directories
• Copying and moving files and directories
• Creating links

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Creating Files and Directories

• To create file params within tmp
• touch /tmp/params
• To create a directory
• mkdir /tmp/backup

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Viewing Text File Contents

• cat filename
• less filename
• head filename
• tail filename

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Deleting Files and Directories

• rmdir dir_name the directory must empty
• rm -r dir_name delete directory
• rm filename delete filename

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Copy or move file

• cp copy
• mv move

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Creating Links

• Hard link
• Soft link (symbolic link) similar shortcut in
  windows

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PATH?
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How can we check current mounted partition?

• Check current mounted by using mount command
  without parameter
• Example result for checking current mounted
  partition

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How to use un-mount partition?

• umount is used to un-mount partition
• umount directory
• umount device
• Example
• umount /var
• Or
• umount /hda1

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Where is linux store list of mounting partition
when booting ?

• It is locate in /etc/fstab file
• Example of fstab file

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How can we add new mount partition entry in
/etc/fstab?

• Assume we would like to add windows partition
  (hdb1, FAT32) that linux have to mount at boot
  time at /mnt/windows
• file system /dev/hdb1
• mount point /mnt/window
• type vfat
• Options defaults
• Dump 0
• Pass 1

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How can we add new mount partition entry in
/etc/fstab?

• From the previous information, we have to add
  following line in /etc/fstab files
• /dev/hba1 /mnt/windows vfat defaults 0 0

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Working with Floppies

• mount t vfat /dev/fd0 /media/floppy

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Working with Optical Devices

• Syntax mount t iso9660 device mount_point
• Ex mount t iso9660 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom.

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Working with USB and FireWire Devices

• Syntax mount t auto device mount_point
• Ex mount t auto /dev/sdd /media/THUMBDRIVE

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Ex 6.5, page 320
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!
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Manage Disk Partitions

• Using fdisk to create disk partitions
• Building a file system with mkfs
• Mounting a partition with mount
• Checking the file system with fsck
• Exercise 6.4, page 312

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Back Up Data

• Selecting a backup medium
• Selecting a backup strategy
• Using Linux backup utilities

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Selecting a Backup Strategy

• Selecting a backup type
• Selecting a backup schedule
• Determining what to back up

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Selecting a Backup Type

• ? Full backups back up everything and flag the
  files as having been backed up.
• ? Incremental backups back up everything that has
  been modified since the last full or incremental
  backup and flag the files as having been backed
  up.
• ? Differential backups back up everything that
  has been backed up since the last full backup. It
  doesnt flag the files as having been backed up.

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Using Linux Backup Utilities

• tar cvf filename directory.
• The c option tells tar to create a new archive.
• The v option tells tar to work in verbose mode,
  displaying each file being backed up on screen.
  The f option specifies the name of the tar
  archive to be created.
• tar cvf /media/usb/backup.tar /home.

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Using Linux Backup Utilities

• tar
• cpio

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• tar cvf /dev/st0 /home
• Backup /home to tape

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Use tar to restore

• To restore a tar archive, simply enter
• tar xvf filename

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Create cpio

• find . print depth cpio ov gt
  /media/usb/backup.cpio.

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Cpio restore

• cpio iv lt /media/usb/backup.cpio.