Soil Decontamination

1

• ??? ???? ?????? ??????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ????????????
• ???? ???????? ????????
• ??? ???? ?????? ???????
• ????? ??????-
• ????? ???????? ?? ??????
• Soil Decontamination
• ????? ??????
• ???? ????? ???? ?????
• ???????
• ????????? ???? ?????
  ???? ??????

2

• ???????
• ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???
  ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????
  ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

3

• ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????
• ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????in situ metheds-
• ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
  ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????
  ???? ????? ????
• ??????? valatilization
• ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????
  ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???
  ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? activated carbon
• ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???
  ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????.
• ?????? ????????? Biodegradation
• ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????
  ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??
  ???? ????? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ????? ??????
  ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????
  ??ph??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????
  ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????
  ???????? ??? ??? ph ?????? ??? 8-5.5 (??????
  (ph7????? ????? ?????? ??? 313-293k . ??? ??
  ???? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??
  ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

4

• ?????? Leaching
• ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ????( ???? ???? ????? ????? ??
  ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ????? ?????? ??????) ?????? ???????? .???? ?????
  ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????
  ???. ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????
  ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????
  ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???
  ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
  ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????
  desorption(release) ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ??????
• ????? Isolation
• ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????
  physical barrier ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ??????? .?????? ??? ????????????? ???????
  Surfactants ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??
  ???? ???????? mobility of pollutants.

5

• ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????Non in Situ
  methods
• ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???
  ?????????.
• ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???
  ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????.
• ?????? ????? Land treatment
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???
  ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  ?????? ?? ???????? .??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????
  ??????? ?????? ??? ph 7?
• ???????? ???????? Thermal Treatment
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????
  ??????.
• ??????? ??????? AsphaltIncorpation
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
  ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????.
  ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??
  ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
  ????? ????????.
• ??????- Solidification/Stabilization
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???
  ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??
  ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????.???? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?? Landfill. ????? ???? ???????? ???
  ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??
  ??? ?????? ???? . ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????.

6

• ????????? ????????? ChemicalExtraction
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ??surfactant ?? ????? ???? . ???? ???? ????????
  ?????????? ?? ?????? . ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????
  ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????.
• ????? ?????? Excavation
• ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
  ??? ?????? ?? ???? Landfills. ???? ????? ???
  ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? . ??????? ?????
  ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????
  ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????
  ??????.
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????
  ????????phytoremediation)
• ??????phytoremediation ???????? ???????
  ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? .? ??? ???????? ????
  ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
  ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ???????.
• ???? phytoremediation????? ??????? ????
  ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????
  ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????
  ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????
  ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????
  ???? ??????????? ???????? .

7

• ?????? ???????? ????????phytoremedidiationprocees
  es
• ?????? ??? ????????Containmentprocesses-
• ???? ???? ???-
• 1- ??????? ?????? ????????-
• 2? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????phytoimmobilizatio
  n
• ? ? ?????? ????? ???????? Removal processes
• ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? phytoextration
  processes
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? phytodegradation
• ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? phytovolatilization
  
• ???????? ???????? ???????? plant to pollutants
• ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??
  ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????????
  ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

8

• ???? ???????? ??????? ???????-
• ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???
  ?????-
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????
• ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????
• ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????
  ?? ????? ??????? vacuoles
• ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
• ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????

9

• ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ????????? ?????? ?????? cu , cd ,zn,-
• ???????? ????? ??????-
• ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????
  ??????? ? ????????? ????
  ????? ?????? . ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????
  cu ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????
  ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????
  (fernandesHenriquas1991).?????? phytochelation
  ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ?? ???????.
• ???????? ????? ?????zinc Resistance
• ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????
  ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? vacuoles ?? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ?? ?????
• ???????? ??????????????cadmium Resistance
• ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??
  ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???
  ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???
  ???????? ????? ???????? ??????
  ?????????????(pc)???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????
  ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??
  ?????????.

10

• ???? ???????? ???????? ???????-
• ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??
  ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???
  ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????
  ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????.
• ????? ???????? ?????? ????????
  phytostabilization-
• ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????
  ???????? phytostabilization ??????? ?????? ???
  ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? . ????? ??? ????
  ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????
  ?????? (BakerBooks,1989)????? ??? ???????? ??
  ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????
  ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? . ???
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????
  ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ?????.
• ??????? ???????? ??????? -
• ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????
  ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????
  ????? ?????.
• ????????? ?????? ????????phytoextraction-
• ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????
  ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????
  ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????
  .

11

• ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????
  ????????phytoextraction of pollutan metals-
• ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????????
  ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???
  ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
  ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????
  (E .D .T.A) ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????
  ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? (Zn,pb, Ni , cu
  ,cd) ?? ??????? ??????? .
• ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? -
• ?????? ?????? ???????
• ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????-
• ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????-
• ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???
  ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????
  ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???
  0.5-3 ???? ??? atrazine nitrobenzene,TCE, ???
  ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??????? .

12

• ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????
  phytodegradation-
• ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????
  ?????? ???? ? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ?
  ????? ?????? ????? .????? ???? ????? ?????-
• ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ??????Rhizosphere .
• ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ????????? ??????? ?? ????????.
• ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???
  ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ?? ????? ?????? .
• ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? phytovolatilization
  
• ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????
  ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????????
  ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ???????? ????-
• ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
• ???????? ??? ????? ???????
• ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????
  ???? ??????? ??????????
• ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????
  ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????

13

• ??????? ?????? Metals
• ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????
  ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????
  Arabidopssis ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???
  100MgHg ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? (Meager et
  al,1995).
• ?? ?????? 15 ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???
  ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????
  ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????
  ??????? ????? ?????? ??? 1500-2500g se kg-1 DMd-1
  ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
  5000kg/ha-1 ????? ????? 100day ????? ????? ?? ???
  ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????
  ?????? ?????? ??? 0.75-1.25 kg se ha-1 ?? ?????
  ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ?? 4.5mg kg-1 .
• ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???
  ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????
  ???? ?????? ????????? (seo4) ??? ???????
  (seo3)?????????(se2-) ?? ??????? ??? ???????
  ????? ??????? ???????? . ?????? ?? ???? ?????????
  ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ??? ATP-Sulfurylase.
• ???????? ??????? organics-
• ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????
  ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? TCE ?????? ??????? ???? ???? Poplar
  hybrids ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? TCE
  (Strand et al.,1995) ????? ???? ?? 10 ?? TCE
  ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
  Loblolly pine .

14

• ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????-
• ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????-
• ?????? ??? ????? (?????? ???????? ???? ????????
  ).
• ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? .
• ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??
  ??? ???????? .
• ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??
  ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? .
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??
  ????????
• ?????? ??????????? ???????
• ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????
  ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????.
• ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
  ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????
  ???-
• ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????
  ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????
  ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????
  ??????
• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????
  ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????
  ????????? ?? ???????? . ???? ????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ???????? ?????? ????????.
• ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????
  ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????.

15

• ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ???????-
• Potentials and Limitations of
  phytoremediation
  
• ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????
  ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????
  ?????? ???????? ???.
• ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????
  ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????????
  ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????
  ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
  ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
  ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????
• ??? Cunningham Petri(1993) ??? ??????
  ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???????
  ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??
  ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????
  ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??
  Landfills ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????
  ??? digested ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.

16
????? ?????
17
(No Transcript)
18

• ???????-
• ???? ??? ?????? (2004?)? ???? ??????? ?91-132.
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????.
• ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? (2004?) ?????? ???????
  ????????? ?65-70.
• ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.
• ????? ???? ??? ?????? (2000?)- ????? ??????
  ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????.
• ??? ????? ??????.
• ????? ????????-
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