PCB Waste Management in the Czech Republic

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PCB Waste Management in the Czech Republic

• Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic
• Department of Waste Management

12th Workshop of the BCRC in Prague March
15-17, 2004
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• High industrial use in the 1930s and 1940s
• Man-made chemicals - 209 congeners
• Industrial products, by-products at industrial
  processes
• Widely applied in industry
• Close systems
• Open systems
• Close coolants and lubricants in transformers,
  dielectric fluids in capacitors, hydraulic fluids
  and heat-transfer media.
• Open plastificators, additives into carbonless
  copy paper, lubricants, inks, impregnating and
  paint agents, glue, wax, cement and plaster
  additives, lubrication of cast blocks, materials
  for dust separators, sealing liquids, flame
  retardants, immersion oils and pesticides.

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Sources and production

• In former Czechoslovakia in 1959-1984 were
  produced Delor in Chemko Strazske - Slovakia
• 21,500 tonnes PCB and 1,600 tonnes of waste
• In the world
• Monsanto USA/UK
• Bayer Germany
• Prodelec France
• Kanagafuchi Japan
• Cros Spain, etc.
• Trading names of PCB products
• Alc, Apirolio, Bakola, Cloresil, Delofet O-2,
  Delorit, Duconal,
• Delotherm, Euracel, Fenclor, Hyvol, Inerteen,
  Montar, Santovac, etc.

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Why were PCBs used?

• low vapour pressure
• high boiling point (278-415 ?C)
• low solubility in water (20 ?C, 15 ppb)
• good solubility in many organic solvents and in
  lubricants
• good thermal conduction
• high dielectric constant
• high-temperature resistance
• inert
• insulting
• lipophilic
• colorless-light yellow-dark brown

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Capacitors containing PCB producer ZEZ Zamberk
CR

• CCAK 1-0,38/5 m(cap.) 6,5 kg m (fluid) 2
  kg/1.4 l
• CCAK 2-0,38/10 m(cap.) 15 kg m (fluid) 5.2
  kg /3.7 l
• CCAK 1-0,4/10 (5 kVAr) m (fluid) 2 kg/1.4 l
• CCAQ 2-0,4/12,5 m(cap.) 15 kg m (fluid) 5.2
  kg/3.7 l
• CCAQ 1-0,38/2 m(cap.) 4 kg m (fluid) 1.35
  kg/0.96
• CCAJ 1(2)-6,3/50 m(cap.) 50 kg m (fluid) 18
  kg/12.8 l
• CTNK 2-0,42/20 m (fluid) 7.5 kg
• CTANK 2-0,42/20 m (fluid) 7.5
• CTANX 2-0,4/20 m (fluid) 5 kg
• CCAON 3-0,4/6,25 m (fluid) 2 kg l
• CCAQN 1-0,38/6,25 m(cap.) 6,25 kg m (fluid)
  2.6 kg/3.7 l
• FHJJ1-24 m (fluid) 10.4 kg
• T/1/60-40/E (0,1 MVAr)
• ENC 1/100 (0,1 MVAr)
• etc.
• Containing DELOR (DEL) 100 PCB 1 000 000 ppm
  PCB

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Capacitors PCB-FREE producer ZEZ Zamberk CR

• CLAKN 1-0,4/8 m(cap.) 11.5 kg m (fluid) 3.3
  kg/3.3 l
• CLAQN 1-0,4/8 m(cap.) 11.5 kg m(fluid) 3.3
  kg/3 l
• CNAKP 1-0,4/12,5 m(cap.) 1.8 kg m (fluid)
  0.3 kg/0.3 l
• CNAKP 3-0,4/10 m(cap.) 1.6 kg m (fluid) 0.6
  kg/3.7 l
• CLAKK 1-0,4/10 m(cap.) 13 kg m (fluid) 3.4
  kg/3.7 l
• CLAJV 1-0,4/12,5 m(cap.) 3.2 kg m (fluid)
  0.7 kg/0.8 l
• CPAJK 2-6,3/100 m(cap.) 46 kg m (fluid) 12
  kg/12 l
• CPAKS 2-6,3/100 m(cap.) 36 kg m(fluid) 6
  kg/6 l
• CPAKS 2-6,3/200 m(cap.) 49 kg m (fluid) 10
  kg/10 l
• COAKN 1-0,44/17 m (fluid) 4.6 kg/5 l
• etc.
• Capacitors free of PCB

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Environmental Fate

• evaporate very slowly and soluble in water,
• found in soils, surface waters, sediments, air
  throughout the world,
• resistance to degradation,
• persistent long after their use
• accumulation in the environment,
• eco-toxic,
• enter to human body - inhalation, direct contact,
  through the skin, food chain,
• transmission in breast milk and across the
  placenta
• concentration is low in tropical area and higher
  in temperate or Polar Regions

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Goals

• The CR candidates to EU
• Council Directive 96/59/EC on PCB(one of POPs)
• Inventory of PCB and basic results of PCB
• Implementing of decontamination of waste and
  equipment containing PCB
• Concentration limit 50 ppm or lower???
• Decontaminate/Dispose by the end of 2010

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Strategy to achieve the goals

• inventory of PCB
• collection of PCB
• safe and environmentally suitable disposal
• monitoring of activities by CIP
• Necessity
• cooperation State authorities and Private sector

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Legislation covering PCB

• Act No. 185/2001 Coll., on waste sets up
• definition of PCB and concentration limit 50
  mg/kg
• term of equipment containing PCB
• equipment containing PCB and subject to
  record-keeping
• Decree No.384/2001 Coll., on managing PCBs
• technical requirements, including measures
• methods of determining the total PCB
  concentration
• details of the method proving non-existence of
  PCB
• the labelling method for the PCB-containing
  and decontaminated equipment
• Government Regulation No. 1972003 Coll., on the
  Waste Management Plan of the Czech Republic
  (for 10 years)
• 3.3.1. Wastes containing PCBs1) and
  installations containing such wastes

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3.3.1. Wastes containing PCBs1)and installations
containing such wastes

• a) provide for completion and evaluation of
  inventories of equipments containing PCBs in
  amounts greater than5 dm3 and establish
  conditions for decontamination of PCB equipments
  with contents greater than 50 mg/kg PCB
• b)   prepare plans for decontamination or
  disposal of the PCB equipments in the National
  inventory
• c)  prepare a methodology for the collection and
  subsequent disposal of PCBs equipments not
  subject to the National inventory
• d) prepare a proposal for issuing passports for
  sitesin the Czech Republic contaminated with
  PCBs.

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Inventory of PCB

• Lists of Facilities (Checklists for inventory)
• Inventory lists No. 0 - No. 3 in decree on PCBs
• Created by Centre for Waste Management(CeHO) in
  Prague
• Subsystem
• list of laboratories
• list of samplers
• system of distribution of unified samples
• list of persons and subjects authorizedin PCB
  waste management (assembly, concentration,
  collection, purchasing, sorting, transport,
  storage)

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Results of Inventory

• amount of equipment (transformers, capacitors),
• concentration PCB (the sum of 6 congeners, namely
  PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180 expressed in
  mg/kg and rounded to 0,5 mg/kg),
• number of holders (owners) and other information
  separated according to 13 regions of the CR and
  Prague

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The Czech National Inventory of PCBs in the
period 1.1.2002 31.1.2004
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(No Transcript)
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Working Group for PCB

• Problems
• Big holders (owners)
• Members of WG PCB
• Individual cooperation with MoE
• Filling and Sending of Checklists of Facilities
  (Form - Paper, E-mail)
• pcb_at_env.cz

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Implementation program for preparing plans for
decontamination/disposal of equipments containing
PCBs in the Czech National Inventory

• Finalized late in March
• Technical conditions of decontamination of
  transformers
• Technical conditions of concentration and
  collection of PCB waste
• List of companies authorized to concentrate,
  collect, purchase, sort, transport or storage PCB
  waste (aprox. 70)
• Techniques and technologies for
  decontamination/disposal of PCB
• Pilot project of decontamination of transformers
• Health aspects

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Disposal capacity for hazardous waste in the
Czech Republic

• There are 36 landfill sites currentlyin
  operation for hazardous waste
• 4 cement factories with rotary kilns
• 53 hazardous waste incineration plants
  (incinerated of 61,000 tonnes of HW)

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Waste production in 2002
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Disposal possibility of PCBin the CR

• 1 hazardous waste incineration plant
• Capacity 10,000 tonnes/year
• Concentration limit of chlorine12 kg/hour 150
  tonnes pure PCBor 1560 tonnes of capacitors/year
• Oil, capacitors (up to 50 kg), soil, sludge,
  construciton waste containing PCB
• The lowest price 1,5 EUR per kg
• NEW FACILITY IN THE CR ???????

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Export of PCB waste in tonnes
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Existing decontamination facilities in the world

• Decontamination methods
• Orion b.v. - Netherlands
• ABB AG - Germany
• Tredi - France
• Tokyo Power Company Ltd.

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Prices and Investment

• Price for incineration in the CR1,5 EUR per kg
  (incl. transport)
• Price for export to EU countries from the CR 2,5
  3,5 EUR per kg (incl. transport)
• Decontamination of transformers in energy company
  1,5 EUR per kg (changing of oil, including
  analysis after 6 month)
• Poor financial situation of a number of large
  industrial and agricultural enterprises

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Fees for landfilling
Fees for incineration
Incineration of HW 120 350 EUR/ton
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JAROMÍR MANHART

• Department of Waste Management
• MANHART_at_ENV.CZ
• WWW.ENV.CZ