International Atomic Energy Agency

1
International Atomic Energy Agency Workshop on
Topical Issues on Infrastructure Development
Managing the Development of a National
Infrastructure for Nuclear Power Vienna, 09-12
Feb. 2010
2
An Overview on Building up National
Infrastructure on the Way to Introduce Nuclear
Power into Vietnam

• Le Thi Kim Dung
• Deputy Director, Division of Licensing
• Vietnam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety
  (VARANS)

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• Table of Contents
• I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam
• II. Guiding Viewpoints in the Development of
  Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam
• Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure in
  Vietnam
• Some Comments and Lessons Learned

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Map of Vietnam Capital Hanoi Area
331,690 km2 Population 86 mil.
(2009) Coastal line 3,260 km GDP
(PPP) _at_2,800

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• Based on national strategy on industrialization,
  modernization and socio-economic development of
  the country
• All scenarios on energy demand have been studied
  intensively, comprehensively and systematically,
  then discussed and debated from working to
  policy-maker levels since 1990s

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• 2. According to research results, the electricity
  demand under the base scenario (with GDP growth
  rate of 7.1-7.2/year for the 2001-2020 period)
  will be 201 billion kWh by 2020 and 327 billion
  kWh by 2030.

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• 3. Meanwhile, domestic conventional energy
  sources (hydro, coal, oil gas, renewable) can
  supply only 165 billion kWh by 2020 and 208
  billion kWh by 2030. In other words, according to
  the base scenario, our country will run short of
  36 billion kWh by 2020 and nearly 119 billion kWh
  by 2030. The increasing shortage of electricity
  supply will continue in the subsequent periods.

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• 4. To settle the demand-supply balance, the
  following options have continued to be studied to
  compare and consider, namely
• Import electricity from the neighboring
  countries
• Import coal, oil gas for electricity
  production and
• Introduce nuclear power.

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• 5. Research results have also pointed out nuclear
  power is more advantageous than the other options
  in terms of economics, environment, energy
  security, and optimal mix.

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• As a result, after a long process of
  comprehensive and systematic study and intensive
  discussion, a well-informed decision has been
  officially made, that is
• Nuclear power should be introduced in the
  country.

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I. Necessity of Nuclear Power for Vietnam

• The decision to introduce nuclear power into
  Vietnam was officially stated clearly and openly
  in 02 following important documents
• 1. Strategy for Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy up
  to 2020 (Jan. 2006, by Prime Minister), in which
  nuclear power is a main component in the
  Strategy) and
• 2. Strategy for Energy Development up to 2020,
  with a vision to 2050 (Dec. 2007, by Prime
  Minister)

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II. Guiding Viewpoints in the Development of
Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam

• Guiding and Consistent Viewpoints in the
  National Policy and Strategy for the Development
  of Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam are
• Vietnam uses atomic energy for peaceful purposes
  exclusively

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II. Guiding Viewpoints in the Development of
Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam

• 2. All applications should be ensured safely and
  securely at the highest level for the protection
  of people and the environment
• 3. All applications should be conducted in an
  effective and efficient manner practically in
  service of sustainably socio-economic
  development.

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II. Guiding Viewpoints in the Development of
Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam

• In order to stepwise realize the
  above-mentioned viewpoints, Vietnam has been
  trying its best to conduct the followings
• 1. Studying and establishing a comprehensive
  legal and institutional infrastructure for atomic
  energy applications in conformity with
  international conventions/treaties and IAEA
  safety standards

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II. Guiding Viewpoints in the Development of
Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam

• 2. Strengthening and encouraging investment in
  the development of nuclear technical
  infrastructure
• 3. Promoting the training and development of
  nuclear human resources to step by step meet the
  requirements for the development of atomic energy
  applications, and

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II. Guiding Viewpoints in the Development of
Atomic Energy Applications in Vietnam

• 4. Strengthening international cooperation both
  multilateral and bilateral, especially with IAEA
  and countries having advanced nuclear industries.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• In Vietnam, the hierarchy of legislative
  system consists of the following four levels
• 1. Laws and Codes are promulgated by the
  National Assembly (NA)
• 2. Ordinances are promulgated by the NA
  Standing Committee

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• 3. Government Decrees are promulgated by the
  Government
• 4. Prime Ministers Decisions are promulgated
  by Prime Minister and
• 5. Ministerial Circulars are issued by
  Minister/Ministers

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• In Vietnam, nuclear infrastructure
  development is approached and grouped into the
  following 03 sub-groups
• 1. Legal and regulatory infrastructure
  development
• 2. Technical infrastructure development and
• 3. Human resource development .

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• According to well-specified functions,
  duties, powers and organization of each ministry,
  the Government or Prime Minister assigns each
  ministry to take the main responsibility for each
  specific duty in collaboration with related
  ministries, in particular

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• 1. Strategy for Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy
  up to 2020 (Jan. 2006, by Prime Minister)
• The Ministry of Science and Technology takes
  the main responsibility in collaboration with
  related ministries for formulation

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• 2. Master Plan (Comprehensive Plan) to
  implement the Strategy for Peaceful Use of Atomic
  Energy up to 2020 July . 2007, by Prime
  Minister)
• The Ministry of Science and Technology takes
  the main responsibility in collaboration with
  related ministries for formulation.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• 3. Strategy for Energy Development up to
  2020, with a vision to 2050 (Dec. 2007, by Prime
  Minister)
• The Ministry of Industry and Trade takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries for formulation.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• 4. Atomic Energy Law, Jun. 2008 by the National
  Assembly, and into force since Jan. 2009.
• The Ministry of Science and Technology takes
  the main responsibility in collaboration with
  related ministries for formulation.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• The Law regulates comprehensively peaceful,
  safe and secure use of atomic energy in Vietnam,
  including the participation and implementation of
  international nuclear-related conventions/treaties
  and strengthening international cooperation.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• 5. Government Decree on Administrative
  Punishment in the Field of Atomic Energy (Dec.
  2009, by the Government).
• 6. Government Decree Guiding the
  Implementation of Some Articles in the Atomic
  Energy Law (25 Jan. 2010).
• The Ministry of Science and Technology takes
  the main responsibility in collaboration with
  related ministries for formulation.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• One (01) more Government Decree has been
  completely formulated and will be soon issued in
  2010, namely
• Government Decree on Nuclear Power Plant.
• The Ministry of Industry and Trade takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries for formulation.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• In addition, a comprehensive plan with a
  concrete road map for the study, formulation and
  issuance of Ministerial Circulars, National
  Technical Regulations and Technical Standards
  related to nuclear safety is actively under
  construction to submit to competent bodies for
  approval.
• The Ministry of Science and Technology takes
  the main responsibility in collaboration with
  related ministries for the formulation of almost
  all these documents

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• IAEA Safety Standards are the main reference
  documents in the study and formulation of
  Ministerial Circulars, National Technical
  Regulations and Technical Standards related to
  nuclear safety in Vietnam.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• According to Master Plan (Comprehensive Plan) to
  implement the Strategy for Peaceful Use of Atomic
  Energy up to 2020 July . 2007, by Prime
  Minister), there are 23 projects should be
  formulated and approved in 2010 for
  implementation among which some projects are
  directly related to nuclear infrastructure
  development, namely

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 6 Long-term planning for nuclear
  power plants (NPP) development and building first
  NPP
• Ministry of Industry and Trade takes the main
  responsibility in collaboration with Ministry of
  Science and Technology and related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 7 Planning human resource training
  and development for nuclear power progamme
• Ministry of Education and Training takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with
  Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of
  Science and Technology and related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 8 Planning research and development
  of nuclear power technology (to build capacity
  for technology selection, as well as innovation
  of nuclear-related technologies in the long term)
• Ministry of Science and Technology takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with
  Ministry of Industry and Trade and related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 9 Strengthening technical capacity
  in service of nuclear power programme (to build
  technical capacity in safety analysis,
  assessment, appraisal for NPP, inspection in the
  process of construction, operation and
  maintenance for NNPP).
• Ministry of Science and Technology takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 10 Planning sites for building NPPs
  and national radwaste repository
• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
  takes the main responsibility in collaboration
  with related ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 11 Planning investment for big
  construction corporations to strengthen their
  capacity in installation and training managers
  and skilled technicians/workers
• Ministry of Construction takes the main
  responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 12 Planning emergency response and
  preparedness in case of nuclear and radiological
  incident/accident
• Ministry of National Defense takes the main
  responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 13 Planning and establishing
  measures to ensure security in the field of
  atomic energy
• Ministry of Public Security takes the main
  responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 14 Planning to participate in
  nuclear-related international conventions,
  treaties, agreements to ensure favourable
  international legal basis for nuclear power
  development
• Ministry of Science and Technology takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 15 Survey, exploration and
  estimation of uranium resource reserves
• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
  takes the main responsibility in collaboration
  with related ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 20 Strengthening national capacity
  to ensure nuclear safety
• Ministry of Science and Technology takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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III. Establishment of Nuclear Infrastructure

• Project No. 23 Strengthening regulatory body on
  nuclear and radiation safety
• Ministry of Science and Technology takes the
  main responsibility in collaboration with related
  ministries/lines.

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IV. Some Comments and Lessons Learned

• 1. Vietnam has studied carefully and been
  following closely all the recommendations in IAEA
  publications Considerations to Launch a Nuclear
  Power Programme (GOV/INF/2007) and Milestones in
  the Development of a National Infrastructure for
  Nuclear Power (No. NG-G-3.1), at the same time,
  actively learned experiences of other countries
  through bilateral cooperation

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IV. Some Comments and Lessons Learned

• 2. All aspects related to nuclear power
  introduction have been and being carefully
  considered, such as legal and technical
  infrastructure, human resources training and
  development, national electrical grid, technology
  selection, site selection, financial arrangement,
  environmental impact assessment, public
  acceptance, international environment, etc.), to
  ensure NPP will be built according schedule and
  put into operation in the safest, most secure and
  economic manner

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IV. Some Comments and Lessons Learned

• 3. However, as presented above, in the
  organization and implementation of specific
  duties, Vietnam does its own way, for example
  Vietnam does not establish a separate Nuclear
  Energy Programme Implementing Organization
  (NEPIO). Each ministry according to its state
  management functions is assigned to take the main
  responsibility for each specific duty in
  collaboration with related ministries/lines

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IV. Some Comments and Lessons Learned

• 4. According to our self-assessment, it can be
  said that Vietnam is standing somewhere in Phase
  2 between Milestone 1 and Milestone 2.

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IV. Some comments and lessons learned

• 5. Vietnam highly appreciates IAEA INIR
  methodology and misssion to the country. It is
  very important and useful for us. It is strongly
  requested more IAEA INIR missions should be
  conducted. It is also expected that
  comments/recommendations should be deeper, more
  specific and franker, not too much diplomatic,
  that is best way the IAEA can help us.

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IV. Some comments and lessons learned

• 6. It is very clear that nuclear power is not a
  single and pure economic issue, but a very
  complex and interdisciplinary issue - political,
  economic, social and environment, so in order to
  be able to successfully introduce nuclear power,
  some key factors would be
• Political will should be strong, consistent and
  transparent

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IV. Some comments and lessons learned

• Governments leadership and direction should be
  strong, concerted and drastic in the
  organization, implementation, supervision,
  inspection and assessment of related duties

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IV. Some comments and lessons learned

• High public acceptance should be gained and
• Good international cooperation should be
  established and strengthened.

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• Thank you very much
• for your kind attention!