Osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis Laying a solid foundation
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Osteoporosis

• A progressive systemic skeletal
• disorder characterized by
• Low bone mass
• Micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue
• Decrease in bone strength
• Increase in susceptibility to fracture

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Osteoporosis

• May be silent until a fracture occurs
• A simple fall may lead to a wrist or hip fracture
• Estimated incidence of hip fracture
• - 16 million by year 2025
• One in five people die within 1st year after
  sustaining a hip fracture
• Six months after sustaining a hip fracture
• 15 patients are able to walk unassisted
• 10 can climb stairs

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Osteoporosis

• 90 of the peak bone mass is acquired
  by the age of 18.
• First and second decade of life,
• Osteoblastic activity gt Osteoclastic activity
• In the third decade they are almost equal.
• Bone mass in women is lost at a rate of
• 0.75 to 1 per year from age 35 onwards
• 2 to 3 per year at menopause.

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Symptoms

• Often symptomless or silent.
• Back pain
• Loss of height due to vertebral compression
• Spinal deformity, humped back (Kyphosis)
• Multiple fractures spontaneously after some
  everyday activity such as bending forward to make
  a bed or lifting vessel from the stove.

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Risk Factors

• Females
• Light skinned and thin or small framed
• Approaching or post menopause
• Milk intolerant or have a low calcium intake
• Cigarette smoker or alcohol in excess
• Taking thyroid medication or steroid based drugs
  for asthma, arthritis or cancer
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Chronic intestinal disorder
• Sedentary lifestyle

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Prevention of Osteoporosis

• A stitch in time saves nine
• Education and awareness
• Life style measures
• Stop smoking and alcohol
• Diet
• Exercise

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Exercise

• Aerobic
• Brisk Walking
• Weight Training
• Weight Bearing
• Progressive resistance training

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Optimal Calcium Intake
Adolescents 1200 mg-1500 mg
Young adults 1200 mg 1500 mg
Pregnant / lactating Women 1200 mg 1500 mg
Women 25 to 50 years 1000 mg
Post menopausal women 1000 mg 1500 mg
Adults above 65 years 1500 mg
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Diet Rich in Calcium

• Milk 600 mg / 500 ml (whole or skimmed)
• Cheese / Paneer
• Yoghurt / Dahi
• Spinach / Cabbage
• Bananas / Grapes
• Kidney beans ( Rajma )
• Soybeans
• Peanuts / walnuts
• / almonds
• Water chestnuts
  ( shingoda )

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Calcium Supplementation

• 1200 1500 mg /day
• Best absorbed when taken in dose of less
  than 500 mg at one time
• Chewable tablet better absorbed
• Non-chewable water test for 30 minutes
• Best calcium cheap easily available, easily
  absorbed and easily tolerated

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Calcium Salts

• Ca Carbonate
• Requires more acid for absorption
• Best taken with meals
• Ca Citrate Maleate
• Easily absorbed
• Can be taken at any time
• Less elemental calcium per tablet
• Preferable if constipation is an issue

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Calcium Salts

• Oyster Shell
• May contain heavy metals
• and lead
• Ca Gluconate and Lactate
• Usually have lower elemental calcium per tablet
• Algae treated Calcium
• Has high bio-availability

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Algae Treated Calcium - Advantages

• Leads to 95 absorption
• Easily accepted by the intestinal villi
• Absence of heavy metals ( lead )

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Algae treated Calcium - Advantages

• Contains weakly bound Calcium salts that readily
  dissociate for
• Faster and better Ca absorption
• Chelation with amino acid
• Improves the absorption
• Enhances the bioavailability of elemental Calcium

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Vitamin D Supplementation

• Dietary sources
• Dairy products, Fortified cereals
• Adequate Sunlight
• Supplements are essential 400 800 IU /day

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Key Message

• Osteoporosis is a preventable problem
• Emphasis on
• Adequate calcium
• Sunlight exposure / Vit D
• Exercise
• in the youth will lay a solid
  foundation

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Concept Dr. Duru Shah

• Editors
• Dr. Sangeeta Agrawal
• Dr. Reena Wani

• Contributors
• Dr. Sangeeta Agarwal

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We acknowledge the efforts of our

• Coordinators
• Dr. Sangeeta Agrawal - Central
• Dr. Narendra Malhotra - North
• Dr. Hema Divakar - South
• Dr. P. C. Mahapatra - East
• Dr. Uday Thanawala - West
• In bringing the FOGSI YOUTH EXPRESS to your
  city.

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This Youth Express has been possible due to the
educational grant from

• Charak Pharma Pvt. Ltd
• CIPLA Ltd.
• Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd
• GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited
• Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
• Metropolis Health Services (India) Pvt.Ltd.
• Organon India Ltd
• Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
• Sandoz Private Limited
• USV Limited
• Wyeth Limited