Summary Notes:

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Summary Notes

• What are the characteristics that all living
  things share?
• How are all living organisms classified?
• SC Standards 6-2.1 6-2.2

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What do all of these things have in common?
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What are the characteristics of ALL living things?

1. They obtain and use resources for energy.
2. They respond to stimuli.
3. They reproduce.
4. They grow and develop.
5. They have cells and are organized.

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They obtain and use resources for energy

• All organisms must obtain (get) resources, which
  provide energy to perform the basic functions of
  life.
• In other wordswe need to get food and water in
  order to grow and develop!

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• Plants are autotrophs, which means they make
  their own food for energy through photosynthesis.
• Most other organisms are heterotrophs, which
  means they must find an external source for food.
• Very few organisms that are not plants may use
  photosynthesis.

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Got Energy?
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2. Organisms respond to stimuli

• A Stimulus is any change in an organisms
  surroundings that will cause the organism to
  react.
• Examples of environmental stimulus
• Changes in amount of light, Temperature, Sound,
  Amount of water, Space, Types of food present

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• The reaction to a stimulus is called a response.
• This can be an action or behavior performed by
  the organism.
• Non-living things do not respond to environmental
  changes this way.

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For Example

• Stimulus
  Response

Your Sister smells the cookies and comes running!
You bake cookies
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Another Example

• Stimulus
• Plant feels bug

• Response
• Plant traps bug

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3. They reproduce.

• Organisms have the ability to reproduce or
  produce offspring that have similar
  characteristics as the parents.
• Two ways to reproduce
• Sexual
• Asexual

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• Sexual involves 2 parents, a female-egg,
  male-sperm, egg and sperm combine to make an
  offspring that is different from both parents.
• Asexual a reproductive process that involves
  only one parent that produces offspring that are
  identical to the parent.

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Types of Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction

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4. They grow and develop.

• Growth is the process by which an organism
  becomes larger or gains more cells.
• Development is the process that occurs in the
  life of the organism that results in the organism
  becoming more complex structurally.
• Remember All organisms require energy to grow
  and develop!!

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Growth and development
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5. They are organized.

• All organisms are made of cells.
• The cell is the smallest unit of an organism that
  carries on the functions of life.
• Some organisms are unicellular or composed of
  just one cell
• While others are multicellular or composed of
  many of the same cell or many different types of
  cells.

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All living things have cells

• Cell without a Nucleus

• Cell with a nucleus

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How are all living organisms classified?

• Classification or taxonomy? a system of
  categorizing organisms based on shared observable
  characteristics.
• You use a dichotomous key, a series of yes or no
  questions that are opposites.
• Remember you can use a dichotomous key to
  categorizing living AND non-living things!

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• Classification for living things?
• kingdom broadest
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• Genus
• species most specific

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• ? Broadest level
• ? Referred to as divisions in the plant kingdom.
  There are 35 different phyla in the animal
  kingdom.
• Contains closely related organisms.
• ? Consists of all organisms of the same type
  which are able to breed and produce young of the
  same kind.

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• KINGDOM
• Broadest level
• Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on their
  ability to make food or not and the number of
  sells in their bodies.
• Most scientists support a 5 kingdom system
  (plants, animals, fungi, protista monera
  kingdoms)

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• PLANT KINGDOM
• Multicellular
• Autotrophs
• reproduce sexually, asexually, or both.

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Plants
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• ANIMAL KINGDOM
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophs
• reproduce sexually

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Animals
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• FUNGUS KINGDOM
• can be either unicellular OR multicellular
• Heterotrophs (must get energy from feeding on
  living or dead organisms)
• Can reproduce sexually or asexually

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FUNGI
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• PROTIST KINGDOM
• unicellular or multicellular
• heterotrophs or autotrophs (some are capable of
  making their own food through photosynthesis and
  others must feed on other organisms)
• reproduces sexually

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Protist
Diaton (below)
Algae (below)
Euglenoid (below)
Amoeba (below)
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• MONERA KINGDOM
• all bacteria belong to this kingdom
• Unicellular
• do not have a cell nucleus
• Some are autotrophs through photosynthesis, and
  some are heterotrophic
• reproduce asexually

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Monera A.K.A Bacteria
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• SCIENTIFIC NAME
• Made up of the organisms Genus and species
• It is written in italics (Genus species) with the
  genus capitalized and the species in lower case
• Example Homo sapiens

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Classification of a Jaguar

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Carnivora
• Family Felidae
• Genus Panthera
• Species onca
• What is the jaguars scientific name?