Vertebrates

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Chapter 34

• Vertebrates

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Class Agnatha
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Class Agnatha
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Class Chondrichthyes
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Chondrichthyes

• Cartilage skeleton
• 750 species
• Oil in liver for buoyancy
• May sink if they stop swimming
• Swim to exchange gases through the gills
• Good vision, excellent ability to smell
• Lateral line system

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Class Osteichthyes
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Class Osteichthyes

• Bony skeleton
• Swim Bladder
• Protractile jaw
• Later line system
• About 30,000 species
• Bony scales with mucous covering
• Operculum

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Coelocanth
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Class Amphibia
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Class Amphibia

• Salamanders, frogs, and caecilians
• Secrete mucous through skin
• No diaphragm
• Breathe through skin
• Have eggs
• Metamorphosis
• Are they dying out?

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Amniotes

• Have a egg shell that retains water
• Embryonic membranes that function to exchange
  gases and nutrients
• Waterproof skin
• Have a diaphragm and use ribs to assist in
  breathing

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Amniotes
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Class Reptilia

• Turtles, lizards, snakes and alligators
• 6,500 species
• Scales containing keratin
• Obtain all oxygen through lungs
• Cold blooded (ectotherms)
• Lay eggs

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Class Reptilia
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Dinosaurs are ReptilesWhy are they extinct?
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Class Aves
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Class Aves

• Evolved from dinosaurs
• Endothermic
• Honeycombed bones
• Fewer organs (one ovary, toothless, shorter
  digestive tract, etc)
• Feathers made with keratin
• Complex behavior

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Class Mammalia

• Mammary glands
• Hair
• Endothermic with active metabolism
• Differentiation of teeth
• Active metabolism

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Class Mammalia
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Monotremes

• Platypuses
• Only mammals that lay eggs
• The eggs are reptilian in structure
• Glands of the mothers abdomen secretes milk.
• Perhaps they descended from an early branch of
  mammals.

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Marsupials

• Opossums, kangaroos, koalas, etc.
• Born very early so the complete embryonic
  development outside of the womb.
• Most in Australia
• Note Convergent Evolution.

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